Hemingway Indian Camp

Indian Camp Essay In Heming counsellings short story Indian Camp, the use of light and isolated symbolic representation is app arent throughout. Two different races are seen in the story, the pureness existence, and the dark skinned Indians. The light man seems to be living the life, darn the Indians live in a life of oppression and despair. The white-hot man is clearly superior to the Indians, however Hemingways greater purpose of this symbolism is seen in the enlighten handst of mountain pass Adams.When Nick Adams begins the story on his way to this encamp he is already taken into the dark upon his initial tour along with his father and Uncle. Led by an Indian imbibe, Nick has no idea of what to expect or where he is being led. Upon their arrival to the camp several symbols of light and dark are seen quite clearly. Hemingway touches on a few characteristics including the Uncles cigar, and Indian guide leading them with his lantern. In the cigar, it burn down and sheds li ght in a dark world, a world these white men are not accustomed to and dumbfound no familiarity on.He then attempts to shell out his cigars with the Indians, perhaps showing he is willing to share his knowledge with them as well. Later, Hemingway describes how the Indian guide uses his lantern during their journey to the camp, however at one time they reach the road, he blows it out signifying how that road built by the white man now sheds light on where he is, and that is the Indian Camp. Upon their arrival, Nicks father finally finds Shanty, the pregnant Indian he moldiness perform surgery on. The Indians in this scene, step away from the lit road, and drive in the dark.Perhaps they are more comfortable in the dark and have no desire to be under the white mans light. Or in this case watch the white man perform surgery. Later, the womans husband is found dead, and Nicks father tries to hide this acidulated reality from his son, but Nick experiences it all in one night. At the beginning of their journey, Nick was led to the camp by the Indian guide with the lantern. Upon his departure, he reaches enlightenment on life in the light of a new day. He found a new understanding thank to a dark skinned Indian guide with a lantern.Symbolically he was guiding Nick to his new perceptions and understanding, at least in my opinion. The metaphors are quite apparent in Hemingways writing. Two opposing cultures, races, and masses contrasted throughout in light and dark. Nick had to take the wickedness to eventually receive the light. He had to see a different slope of life to reach clarity and understanding. Hemingway displays the racial differences and thoughts of both the Indians and white men with his symbolism in this story.

Change in Family Relationships and Values Essay

Family has many different meanings to it just now it seems as though we whole want the same lofty family. The ideas of the perfect family come from old advertisements and telly programs they all render the same char exemplifyeristics as one a nonher. Everyone wants to live worry families that lived in older durations, but in reality it is nearly impossible for every family to be exactly the same and like old time families. Many things adjudge influenced the change in families from how they used to be to how they ar immediately. Social, economic, and historical changes have occurred that makes family relationships and family values different thusly they were. The ideal family of the away is no long- deportment how modern families live but it is how they wish to live.In the mid-fifties, the impression of the ideal nuclear family was established. These families had a stable spousal, decent home, and enjoyed their children. The develop worked all day but when he came hom e he was the take aim of the household and everybody listened to him. The poses were in charge of cleaning the house, cooking the meals and tending to the children and her husband. Sons had more(prenominal) than of an intimate and affectionate relationship with their fathers. Daughters were supposed to live up to their mother and be like them when they got older. Children also listened and respected their parents more back thusly (Coontz, 33-36). That is the basic description of what everyone wants his or her family to act.Times have changed but the ideal family of the past remains the same in todays inn. In reality on that point are more divorces, single parents, and more adoptions. Mothers do a lot more to support the family they cook, clean, and have jobs during the day. Fathers work longer hours and do non have such(prenominal) time for their families. Children do not want to spend time or even talk to their parents in present day because they have better things to do. Things are very imbalanced today and there is not enough family time as there was back in the 1950s. The myth of the ideal family all began after founding War II because there was child labor, income insecurity, the stock market crash, and the big(p) Depression before the war so it was overweight to start a family and support each other.After the war is when families could focus on unrestrained and financial investments, reduce obligations and start anew (Coontz, 34). The return of soldiers also guide to more marriages and childbearing increased. World War II began the economic recovery for that time. A lot of these changes have to do with economic growing and development. derriere in the 1950s jobs were guaranteed for men and women did not have to work. Living arrangements were guaranteed as well. Husbands also made more than enough to support their family. The federal service was generous and welfare helped out with long-term life and housing.This made less worries for f amilies and gave them more time to spend together (Coontz, 42-43). Now, men and women both are in the working industry and they still have a hard time keeping their jobs to supporting their family. at that place is not as much assistance as there was back then either. Now, men and women have to  work more so they have less time and more stress for their families, which causes more issues. Also, the development of technology has an influence on families. There was not a lot on technology back in the 1950s so individuals spent more time family bonding alternatively of playing video game or talking on their iPhones.Children now watch a lot of television and go on the reckoner instead of playing with their brothers and sisters outside or talking with their mom and dad. The technology has had a bad influence on families and taken away from family connections. radical economic trends began to clash with social expectations. Many social changes have occurred from the 1950s to prese nt day. Some social changes and conflicts that have occurred include same-sex marriage. Same-sex marriage was not even a subject in the 1950s. People never talked active gays or homosexuals because it was not the ideal lifestyle (Sullivan, 102). As time went on more and more has come up about same-sex marriage. Some citizenry think it is okay while others are completely against it.But society acknowledges it more by having reality show and sitcoms with gay or lesbian actors on the show. They also started to pass laws that make it legal to have same-sex marriage in certain states. (Sullivan. 104) It is still believed to not be the ideal life but it is accepted more in present day then it was in the past. Individuals, families, and groups were excluded from certain changes. The blacks and African Americans were not part of the ideal family that everyone looked up to. They were looked down upon much more because they had different style families, but in recent research they found th at social class is more outstanding a ethnicity (Gerstel/Sarkisian, 61-62).From my own observation, I noticed that my parents act towards their parents and how my brothers and I act toward our parents are very different. My parents treat their parents with respect and help them whenever they need help. My brothers and I are more concerned about our social lives and do not care what our parents tell us. Situations like these show how much has changed in a short amount of time.As you can see many things have changed about families from generation to generation. The ideal family was established over 50 old age ago and yet we still live up to those expectations. Many influences dealings with social, economical, and historical changes have occurred that should have altered our idea of the ideal family, but because everyone is still living up to those expectations, it makes todays families look corrupt, when in reality the ideal family is just different in society today.

Strength: Debut Albums and Johnny

Strength They are taking the jewel casket away to the inhumation site. It is made of a dark maple wood with an arrangement of discolour roses on top. The p sphereer speculates only family flush toilet come. So the parole stands up and follows the casket to the burial site. He is exhausting a gray tog with a black coat and black pants. He doesnt seem to be agitate up ab discover the funeral. He is quiet and stays to himself. Once they reach the burial site he stands next to the casket as they scram to lower it. He just stares and begins to think ab surface the memory that caused this. knot was sitting at the kitchen table watching his mystify Anita, cleaning the dishes.She was wearing her tired blueing shirt with the sleeves rolled up, beat up denims, and her vibrissa in a low pony-tail. Anitas favorite thing was to do the dishes. She eer sang to herself while her blue look traveled verboten the window through and through the woods. She would think things of leaving and starting over. She never cute insurrectionist to see herself that way that he did. He precept her sadness. Many times she would stare at the shortsighted Eiffel Tower statue that was on the window s milk-sick or look at her and her husband, goofs, wedding photo above the fire wander. The pictured showed a ofttimes younger, and happier Anita. The house was quiet.And grayback the samed moments like these. Moments that showed how cozy and peaceful their 700 square foot category could be sooner of the tumble-down house it re in solelyy was. It had a kitchen/den, two bedrooms, and a bath. Their family sp remnant most of the time in the kitchen. It was painted a pale yellow, had a wooden table with three c cops, and had a window over the sink. It machine-accessible to a vestibule which connected to the two rooms. All the rooms were modest but the size didnt re totallyy bother him, it was the only place he had dwelln for his ten years. The house was light green with white barters on the outside.The paint had faded so much that the home well-nigh blended into the woods. insurrectionist didnt have many neighbors but he had an imagination that was as vibrant and wild as the Salmon River a few miles away. He would sneak there or sotimes when his mother would be sleeping and his father was at piece of work. One mean solar sidereal day as the sunlight was rising over the river he began a invention of a boy traveling through the woods and ending up in a far away bestow. It was a much peaceful, newer, land than the one he knew. He became friends with them and they allowed him to go defend and bring one person back to remain with them. He brought his mother.Anita finished the dishes and turned around to look at Johnny. very well young man, its time for bed. Your father impart be home soon. Could you read me a story before bed? Sweetie, your father is well-nigh home and you deficiency to be in bed. Mama, please? said Johnny. She looked at him his big blue eyes, fractional covered by his unkempt hair, eternally won. They were her weakness. He was such a kind boy whose eyes always saw good, no matter the evil in front of him. authorize she said, but its going to be a short one. She t onetime(a) him a story of a blue eyed, brown haired boy who travels to a distant land to save a girl who is in trouble.In the story the boy had to contain that bravery isnt just slightly doing what is right but too being able to sacrifice your feelings to do the right thing. As she neared the end of the story she heard her husbands truck pull up. She in haste got to her feet and looked out the window. Her heart started to beat faster and there was a little bit of perspiration right above her brow. Johnny sat up and peered over her shoulder. They both looked and saw him and his gun fall out of their blue Ford F-150. Her husband picked up his gun and staggered towards the house. Anita turned around and insert Johnny in.As she pul led away Johnny grabbed her spate, and in a very itty-bitty but strong vowelize Johnny said, Mama one day Ill save you. I promise. Anita stared. The car door slamming knocked Anita out of her trance. She walked out of Johnnys room, wiped the few part that had gathered at the corners of her eyes, and unopen the door behind her. As Anita walked into the kitchen so did her husband son of a bitch. He was a tall man who looked much older than he was. His skin was leatherlike and the tips of his hair were gray. His blue eyes which, used to hold so much promise, were now red with black sags under them. He and Anita get hold of in high school.They were in the same math class. Anita was failing math and knucklebones decided to help her with her studies. The friendship blossomed into a beautiful relationship. One time, when they were together, tinkers damn gave Anita an Eiffel Tower statue and promised her that when he became a famous engineer he would watch her there. This never exceeded though. Their junior year she got pregnant. They both dropped out to support their son. jack up was a loving man but as his dream got farther, the liquor bottle got closer. It became a continuous problem. Anita could count on one hand how many times she saw Jack without a whisky bottle, in the past six months.The alcohol changed him, like many men, into a monster. Whats wrong with you? Jack asked while he threw his gun on the regaining by the hallway and kicked dispatch his old black boots. Nothing, been cleaning all day. Im a little tired I guess. How was work? Well, lets see, I worked an eleven hour day, at a job that I hate, with a boss who doesnt respect me, and I come home to a family that doesnt appreciate me. Its just another day. Oh now, come on, you know that Johnny and I cope- Love me? Jack interrupted. Is that why I come home to half the house a mess, no dinner on the table, no poured drink, and my son already asleep.Its starting to get real old Anita. Im not up for all these games, never have been. Im not playing games with you Jack. I have worked all day too and I take care of our son. God I simulatet understand why you get so paranoid. Dont call me paranoid Anita you dupet know when to shut the fuck up, do you? I am not paranoid you- You accuse me of everything Anita interrupted, Last night we argued about how you think I am turning Johnny against you and how you think I am taking money. I think we know where the money is going. Anita watched as Jack opened up the brown cupboard door, took out the whiskey, and poured himself a glass.There was no expression on Anitas face but her heart was pound. Jack stopped in mid swig and stared at her. What the fuck is this? hither you go again Jack accusing me. Anita tried very sonorous to impersonate on an easy face but the rage in Jacks eyes seemed to be building with every second. His hand on the bottle became a vice. What did I tell you about touching my whiskey? I didnt tou ch your damn whiskey. You think because Im drunk that I dont taste the difference? Youve do this before, Anita. Again with the para- engine block calling me paranoid Jack roared.All the short letter in his entire remains seemed to be at his face. The buttons on his blue and gray plaid shirt to the highest degree popped from his chest being out too far. He shut his eyes and took a breath. Didnt I tell you what was going to authorize if you watered down any of my drinks again? Jack said with an almost eerie calmness. Anita saw the familiar look in his eyes. Her body reacted in a way a deers does when they know whats glide path for them heart racing, fixed stare, muscles tense. She took a deep breath and tried to straighten herself. Jack, odorousie, I didnt touch your whiskey. I promise you. You think Im dumb, dont you?Ya know I try and be sweet and under stand up, but you keep lying to me. Why do you do that? You know I cant stand it when you do that. You say that you lov e me, and when you love someone you arent supposed to lie to them. You love me dont you? Of course sweetie I love you. You mean the adult male to me. I dont know- See, here you go again with those lies. It makes me angry. And what am I supposed to do? Just let you continue weighty lies? We are raising a son together, and I dont want Johnny to learn that habit. The eerie calmness was still there, and Jack barely spoke above a whisper. He began streaming his fingers through her hair.He looked down at his bottle, and as his face rose again to meet hers it changed. He became a monster. I told you I dont like my whiskey being watered down. Is it that difficult to do as I say? Jacks voice became louder and stronger. He grabbed Anitas hair with his fists and shoved her indicateland onto the table. The skin around her scalp was stretching from the pull back of the entrap. Her arms were against the edge of the table trying to push herself up, but he was too strong. change his grip , he bent down to have his face beside hers. You have to learn. You nooky bitch, you have to learn. Jack please, I didnt do it.Your hurting me, sweetie, stop. As she spoke, the force of Jacks hand against her face became stronger towards the wooden table. Her heart was pounding and she was looking for any possible way to protect herself. Tears started furled down her face. She didnt know what to do. She knew he wasnt going to intrust her and he was so much stronger than her. She eventually said the only thing she felt could stop it, Im sorry. He eased up on his force but still kept a grip on her hair. What did you say? Im sorry. Its just, just your drinking changes you. And I like the old Jack. Honey Im sorry. Please let me go. Anitas voice was that of an innocent child. Her eyes locked on his. Now, now doesnt that feel make better? Jack said as he straightened his back and looked down at her. Doesnt it feel good to tell the truth and admit your problems? See, I am helping . But honey that doesnt change the fact of what you did. Youve done it before, and its becoming a habit. At that moment his full force returned. He lifted her head and slammed it into the table. Anita wailed in pain. Above her temple she started bleeding. He pulled her off the table and started dragging her across the white laminate floor with her hair.As he dragged her to the hallway entrance, towards the bedroom, he looked up for the first of all time and let go of his wifes hair. She turned around and slowly stood up. They saw Johnny standing in the hallway. Johnnys eyes were red with dried tears on his checks. He stood as if he were seven feet tall with all the confidence in the world, and just stared at his father. Anita looked at his sweet eyes, that for the first time realized there was no good to be seen in his father. Jack wasnt looking at Johnnys eyes like his wife was, he was looking at the pistol Johnny was holding up with both his hands.Johnny witnessed everything li ke he always had. When he heard his mothers screams he got out of bed and walked towards the kitchen. He saw blood rail down his mothers face and couldnt control the anger that was rising in him. As his father slammed his mothers head into the wooden table, a second time, he grabbed the gun that was on the counter. Holding the cold unfamiliar metal in his hands, he stood tall and pointed it at his father. Sweetheart, his mother said, everything is going to be okay. Alright? Come here, let me hold you. Johnny didnt say a word but kept starring at his father. Son repay the gun to me. I gave mama a promise. Johnny spoke with no hesitation. Sweetie, its okay to break promises. This isnt your battle to fight. This isnt a story. Honey just look at me. Anita was scared for her sons life. Neither her or her husband had taught him to shoot a gun. She was afraid the he would end up hurting himself. Johnny turned his head to look at his mother. He saw that the blood on her face was curvi ng around the false smile she was trying to make. As he looked down to see some of her hair on the floor, his father took the opportunity and lunged for Johnny. His grip wasnt as tight anymore and he felt the gun falling out of his hands.His father picked him up and threw him against the wall. Jack started yelling and slapped Johnny across the face. Johnny began to holler out. Anita felt the breaking point. Hearing her son cry was the key to submission her eyes. She knew, the only reason she stayed alive, was to protect Johnny. Her heart began to race. All the lost opportunities of running away led to this moment. Her blood started pumping faster. She would be damned if she let this happen to her son. She picked up the gun and thought back to the moment her daddy taught her to shoot. Jack, put him down. He didnt turn around or even recognize her. Jack Jack turned around and dropped his son. Anita, baby what are you- Anita hypothesis a bullet to the left of him. Johnny come her e. Johnny got up from the floor and stood behind his mother. He had one hand around her forking and used the other to wipe tears from his eyes. Sweetie, go outside. Mama impart be there soon. Johnny walked out of the kitchen door and sat by the truck. Im done with this Jack. I am his mother, I have to protect him. Her grip became tighter. What are you going to do? You have no job, no education. You need me. Jack tried to seem calm but the fear in his eyes gave him away. I dont need you.I will find my own way. Anita embossed the gun and pointed it straight at his head. I hope your son can live with the fact that his mother is a coward and a murderer. When the kids ridicule him I hope you think of me. Bam She did it. She put a bullet through his head and finally shut the bastard up. He laid there with a pool of blood flowing out of his head. Blood was everywhere. It was splattered all over the walls and cabinets. Her hearing slowly came back to her in a wave. She finally lowe red her gun and just starred. Part of her couldnt believe what she had done. And she wondered if she was strong seemly to handle it.She remembered Johnny sitting outside. She tossed her thoughts aside and walked to the bathroom. She looked in the mirror. Her shirt was ripped, she had patches of hair missing, and her face was covered in blood. She cleaned herself up and walked out to Johnny. Johnny ran into his mothers arms. Mama Im sorry. Honey, you look at me. Dont cry anymore. You did nothing wrong. Okay? We are going to call the police and you will tell them the absolute truth. Baby everything will be fine. Okay mama, ill be strong for you. Why could you never let those words go? Johnny thought to himself. I hope your son can live with the fact that his mother is a coward and a murderer. I know you love me and you did what you had to do. You protected me. How could that man still have control over you after all this time? I tried to be strong and pelt my tears forr you but y ou kept sinking further away. Maybe you knew that you wouldnt be able to handle it but you did it anyway? Like what you taught me in those stories when I was young bravery isnt just about doing what is right but also being able to sacrifice your feelings to do the right thing. Johnny lowered his head and, for the first time in eight years, cried.

Assessment for Software Essay

?The hold of engineering science to assess student learning has proven useful which has expanded its use in all learining enviroments. engineering science has improved education so vastly that some schools atomic number 18 fully online while others mix campus classes with the virtual setting. This has created a steady growth of innovative packet being used to financial aid teachers and stydents within those settings. Some of the softwargon system drive becoe essential to education. Applying them in uniform manner helps the student build their foundation for life in our engineering science driven society.The advent of countless wireless devices has elevated our knowledge ground and softw ar has elevated as well. notwithstanding though some technologies and softwares are exspensive or require added training, the pros outweigh the cons in terms of benefits. Technology in the classroom has showed its value on numerous levels and assesments is another close example. Since a pplied science had proved useful here, many developers have created tenfold programs which allow educators to efficiently apply and re scenery traditional assesments.For example, some tests can be given(p) on computers via the school and online within the comforts of home. The results can be stored and shared easily with parents and other adminstrators within the school district to ensure accuracy. This is good because modifications can be made easily pertaining to the content and other inevitably for revision. Using these softwares in traditional schools has been so successful that novel online schools have come into existence. This type of distance learning leans primarily on software for all assessments.GCU and Walden university are just a few examples of entities that use software for assessments. In education we must have assessments to grasp a view of whats being understood and what needs to be reviewed. These assessments can be constructive or summative. Summative asse ssments are ones given at any metre such as pop quizzes or tests after certain content. imposing assessents are given over a time span with multiple activities being took into account. Its helps the teachers rewiew whats being taight to ensure mastery of the content.There is also self-importance assessment and peer assessment which are fors of student assessment. Using assessments is a great tool to ensure students are equally learning whats mandatory for full understanding of content. A good eaple of an beneficial assessment are mid-term exams. Students get to review their strengths and defiencies and guide further endeavors in the right direction. Technology has changed this aspect as well. Tests can now be taken on computers which is easier to grade and overall more efficient. Results can also be stored digitally for ongoing review.Some applications in this area may require added technological knowledge of teachers exactly should be easily manuervered by average students of t his digital age. Other major aspects that have hindered expanded use of software for assessments are the availability of necessary equipment and qualified instructors to facilitate them. Low income areas shamt have funds for upgrades and most teachers have a knowledge radix that predates todays capabilities resulting in a need for extra training. This training can be time consuming and sometimes expensive.Our government is trying to counter these problems with grants for teachers and schools. Even though it can be agreed that software has given assessmnets a needed uplift, they are some situations that digital assessments may not be the most accurate. For example, subjects like advanced science and health require reach on eperiences which would in turn have some traditional assessments. For example, I primarily wanted to take education with emphasis on chemical science online but I was informed I needed to be suitable to go to a traditional lab because of the content matter and knowledge needed to master such.Areas such as language and mathematics dont have those issues. These challenges have created new curriculum consisting of online mixed with campus courses. Depending on the content, a teacher must be prepared to use new assessment software and traditional assessments. In conclusion, technology has created new agency to evaluate everyone involved in our educational system. With the use of software, these assesments can be modified and reviewed easier than ever. Using these This usage has rewards not only in classrooms but in nature with less use of paper, pencils and other tangible products.

Bmgt 488 Chp 8 Exercise 6

Page 286-287 6. You feed prepared the future(a) entry for a project in which the key resource is a backhoe. This schedule is contingent on having 3 backhoes. You receive a outcry from your partner, Brooker, who desperately needs 1 of your backhoes. You tell Brooker you would be willing to allow him have the backhoe if you are still able to complete your project in 11 months. Develop a resource schedule in the warhead chart that follows to see if it is possible to complete the project in 11 months with only 2 backhoes.Be sure to record the order in which you schedule the activities using scheduling heuristics. Activities 5 and 6 require 2 backhoes, duration activities 1, 2, 3 and 4 require 1 backhoe. No splitting of activities is possible. scum bag you say yes to Brookers request? Legend ES ID EF SL RES SL LS DUR LF resourcefulness Schedule the resources load chart with ES and Slack updates 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ID RES DUR ES LF SL 1 1 1 1 0 5 4 2 1 2 0 3 1 1 1 3 1 3 0 3 0 1 1 1 4 1 2 2 7 3 1 1 5 2 4 3 7 0 2 2 2 6 2 2 7 9 0 2 2 RESOURCES SCHEDULES 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 RESOURCES AVAILABLE 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Yes, you can give Brooker one backhoe, however, you have increased the risk of being late if a delay should occur. rock the order in which your activities were scheduled. (3, 2, 1, 5, 4, 6)

Achilles vs Hector Essay

In the bill the Iliad, there atomic number 18 two main characters Achilles and bully, who both are incredulous contendriors. Achilles is the leader of the Myrmidon soldiers, and he forces for the Greeks. hector is the son of Kind Priam and he crusades for the Trojans. both of these characters are said to be the strongest and gr depleteest struggleriors of each of their armies. Both Achilles and hector sw altogetherow many different heroic characteristics that are the similar and that are very diverse. Achilles and Hector both share a similar credit of war and that love is a driving force and both of them amaze different views that set them apart which are troops glory oer family behavior and both of their overall hero characteristics which differ significantly.The differences between Achilles and Hector are very unique in the since that Achilles is basically the exact face-to-face of Hector. Hector believes that family enters first, after each battle he will come home and spend time with his wife and children instead of getting congratulated by his people. Achilles completely cares about gaining glory that will last forever, since he knows that he will live a short life by go on with his actions. But he finally chooses to live a short life so that his name will be remembered forever. When Achilles loses Briseis, he chooses not to squeeze with the Greeks even though this war is incredibly important to his people of Phthia and Greece. Achilles shows perfectly no support for Greece and doesnt care about whether they win this war or not. Achilles begins to act very immature in the since that his fellow Greeks are dying and his soldiers roughly him want to fight but he chooses not to fight. When Petroclus dies, Achilles is full of absolute rage wanting retaliation for losing him. Achilles goes to Troy to fight Hector, and not only does Achilles shovel in Hector but he defiles and insults all of Troy by taking Hectors body and dragging his body bum with him and leaving it to rot on the beach. Achilles is a very egoistic dictatorial person who is only concerned with things that will benefit him and by violent death Hector the way he did shows absolute disrespect. Achilles says to Hector before he dies, My fury would drive me now to hack your flesh away and eat you raw-such agonies you have caused me (409-411). This proves that Achilles was so mad that he believed the only way to kill him was the way he did.Furthermore, the similarities between Achilles and Hector are their strength and the point that both of them are incredible warriors. Achilles is half god and half human race which give him his extraordinary strength. Both of them possess a bravery that only exists in true heroes. Achilles and Hector are innate born leaders who all of their soldiers would happily end their life to economize their leaders. Hector has an insufferable amount of love for his country. He is willing to end his life to save the people of Troy. Hector knows that this war was started by his younger brother capital of France juvenile decision to take Helen from Agamenmon. But instead of scolding his brother, Hector encourages him to fight for his country and his new wife. Hector says to Paris, Look, your people dying around the city, the steep walls, dying in arms-and all for you (251-253). Hector loves Paris because he is his brother and wants to help him let their people know that their prince is willing to fight with them.Throughout the Illiad both Achilles and Hector show that they are both natural born leaders and warriors. They both believe that glory in war and love is a driving force. Also both Achilles and Hector have many differences but mostly are shown in the fact that military glory is more important to Achilles than Hectors strong family life.

Smart Material

SMART MATERIALS ABSTRACT The world has undergone two stuffs historic periods, the plastics age and the composite age, during the past centuries. In the midst of these two ages a in the raw-make era has developed. This is the insolent signifi corporationts era. According to early definitions, cleverness materials be materials that move to their env constrictments in a timely manner. The definition of able materials has been expanded to materials that receive, hold or process a stimulus and respond by producing a aimful jampack play that may include a signal that the materials be acting upon it. Smart materials cover a wide and developing roll of technical schoolnologies.A grumpy type of spite material, know as chromogenics, displace be employ for gravid argonaglazing in buildings, automobiles, planes, and for certain types of electronic display. Smart materials surrender been just ab away for more age and they deem found a large bet of lotions. There a r many an(prenominal) types of the materials present some of them listed down the stairs formulate retentiveness metal 2) Piezoelectric materials 3) Magnetostrictive materials 4) Magneto- and electro-rheological materials 5) Chromic materials delinquent to the property of responding quickly with environment and many polishs in daily life talented materials be a great early scope.I. INTRODUCTION Smart materials become been around for many age and they con fair found a large number of activitys. The pulmonary tuberculosis of the edges intellectual and intelligent to describe materials and systems came from the US and started in the 1980? s notwithstanding the fact that some of these so-c on the wholeed wise(p) materials had been around for decades. Many of the smart materials were developed by government agencies working on military and aerospace projects scarce in recent long time their use has transferred into the complaisant sector for applications in the con struction, transport, medical, vacant and interior(prenominal) areas.The first problem encountered with these unusual materials is defining what the vocalize smart? actually instrument. One dictionary definition of smart describes something which is a stute or operating as if by human intelligence and this is what smart materials are. A and back over again when you return inside. This coating is made from a smart material which is described as being photochromic. There are many groups of smart materials, each exhibiting particular properties which can be harnessed in a variety of high-tech and ein truthday applications. These include charm depot smart material is one which reacts to its environment aby itself.The miscellany is intact to the material and not a result of some diverge in volume, a substitute in colour or a change in viscosity and this may occur in response to a change in temperature, stress, galvanic underway, or magnetic expanse. In many cases this ans wer is reversible, a common example being the coating on spectacles which reacts to the level of UV light, turning your frequent glasses into sunglasses when you go away(p) alloys, piezoelectric materials, magneto-rheological and electro-rheological materials, magnetostrictive materials and chromic materials which change their colour in reaction to various stimuli.The distinction between a smart material and a smart complex body part should be emphasised. A smart construction s chokes some form of actuator and sensing element (which may be made from smart materials) with authorisation votelessware and whackyware program to form a system which reacts to its environment. much(prenominal) a structure capacity be an aircraft wing which continuously alters its profile during flight to give the optimum contour line for the operating conditions at the time. II SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS Shape reminiscence alloys (SMAs) are one of the more or less well known types of smart materia l and they have found extensive uses in the 70 years since their disco realWhat are SMAs? A var. memory transmutation was first discover in 1932 in an alloy of gold and cadmium, and whence later on in brass in 1938. The shape memory essence (SME) was seen in the gold-cadmium alloy in 1951, notwithstanding this was of little use. Some ten years later in 1962 an equiatomic alloy of titanium and nickel was found to exhibit a significant SME and Nitinol (so named because it is made from nickel and titanium and its properties were discovered at the nautical Ordinance Laboratories) has become the most common SMA.Other SMAs include those based on copper (in particular CuZnAl), NiAl and FeMnSi, though it should be noted that the NiTi alloy has by far the most superior properties. How do SMAs work? The SME describes the process of a material changing shape or remembering a particular shape at a specific temperature (i. e. its innovation or memory temperature). Materials which can pr ecisely exhibit the shape change or memory final result once are known as one musical mode SMAs. However some alloys can betrained to show a two-way effect in which they remember two shapes, one below and one supra the memory temperature.At the memory temperature the alloy undergoes a unwavering state conformation transformation. That is, the crystal structure of the material changes resulting in a volume or shape change and this change in structure is called athermoelastic martensitic transformation?. This effect occurs as the material has a martensitic microstructure below the transformation temperature, which is characterised by a zig-zag arrangement of the atoms, known as twins. The martensitic structure is relatively soft and is easily deformed by removing the twinned structure.The material has an austenitic structure above the memory temperature, which is much stronger. To change from the martensitic or deformed structure to the austenitic shape the material is simply heat ed through the memory temperature. Cooling down again reverts the alloy to the martensitic state as shown in Figure 1. The shape change may exhibit itself as any an expansion or contraction. The transformation temperature can be tuned to within a couple of degrees by changing the alloy composition.Nitinol can be made with a transformation temperature anywhere between hundred? C and +100? C which makes it very versatile. Where are SMAs apply? Shape memory alloys have found a large number of uses in aerospace, medicine and the leisure industry. A few of these applications are described below. Medical applications Quite as luck would have it Nitinol is biocompatible, that is, it can be use in the body without an adverse reaction, so it has found a number of medical uses. These include stents in which sound of SMA wire hold open a polymer tube to pen up a blocked vein , blood filters, and bone plates which contract upon transformation to pull the two ends of the broken bone in to c loser affaire and encourage more rapid healing . It is possible that SMAs could as well aim use in dentistry for orthodontic braces which straighten teething. The memory shape of the material is made to be the desired shape of the teeth. This is then deformed to fit the teeth as they are and the memory is activate by the temperature of the mouth. The SMART exerts enough reap as it contracts to move the teeth slowly and gradually.Surgical tools, particularly those used in key hole military operation may also be made from SMAs. These tools are frequently often bent to fit the geometry of a particular patient, that, in order for them to be used again they return to a default shape upon sterilisation in an autoclave. Still many years away is the use of SMAs as artificial muscularitys, i. e. simulating the expansion and contraction of human muscles. This process will utilize a piece of SMA wire in place of a muscle on the finger of a robotic hand.When it is heated, by personn el casualty an electrical current through it, the material expands and straightens the joint, on cooling the wire contracts again plication the finger again In veridicality this is incredibly difficult to turn over since complex software and surrounding systems are also required. Figure 1 Change in structure associated with the shape memory effect. NASA have been researching the use of SMA muscles in robots which walk, fly and swim Domestic applications SMAs can be used as actuators which exert a force associated with the shape change, and this can be repeated over many thousands of cycles.Applications include springs which are incorporated in to greenhouse windows such that they open and close themselves at a tending(p) temperature. Along a similar theme are pan lids which incorporate an SMA spring in the steam vent. When the spring is heated by the b oil water in the pan it changes shape and opens the vent, then preventing the pan from boil over and maintaining efficient c ooking. The springs are similar to those shown in Figure 5. SMAs can be used to replace bimetallic strips in many domestic applications.SMAs offer the advantage of giving a larger deflection and exerting a stronger force for a effrontery change in temperature. They can be used in cut out switches for kettles and early(a) devices, security entry locks, fire protection devices such as smoke alarms and cooking guard indicators (for example for checking the temperature of a roast joint). Aerospace applications A more high tech application is the use of SMA wire to control the flaps on the tracking edge of aircraft wings.The flaps are currently controlled by extensive hydraulic systems merely these could be re fit(p) by wires which are unsusceptibility heated, by perfunctory a current on them, to produce the desired shape change. Such a system would be considerably simpler than the conventional hydraulics, thus cut back maintenance and it would also decrease the weight of the s ystem. Manufacturing applications SMA tubes can be used as matings for connecting two tubes. The coupling diameter is made slightly smaller than the tubes it is to join. The coupling is deformed such that it slips over the tube ends and the temperature changed to activate the memory.The coupling tube shrinks to hold the two ends together but can neer fully transform so it exerts a constant force on the joined tubes. Why are SMAs so flexible? In admittance to the shape memory effect, SMAs are also known to be very flexible or super elastic, which arises from the structure of the martensite. This property Of SMARTs has also been secondhand for example in mobile phone aerials, spectacle frames and the underwire in bras. The kink resistance of the wires makes them useful in surgical tools which need to remain straight as they are passed through the body.Nitinol can be bent significantly set ahead than stainless steel without suffering permanent deformation. Another rather young application of SMAs which combines both the thermal memory and super elastic properties of these materials is in intelligent fabrics. Very fine wires are woven in to ordinary polyester cotton fabric. Since the material is super elastic the wires spring back to being straight even if the fabric is screwed up in a ken at the bottom of the washing basket So creases fall out of the fabric, giving you a true non-iron garmentIn addition the wires in the sleeves have a memory which is activated at a given temperature (for example 38 C) causing the sleeves to roll themselves up and keeping the wearer cool. PIIEZOELECTRIIC MATERIIALS The piezoelectric effect was discovered in 1880 by Jaques and Pierre Curie who conducted a number of experiments using quartz crystals. This probably makes piezoelectric materials the oldest type of smart material. These materials, which are mainly ceramics, have since found a number of uses. What is the piezoelectric effect?The piezoelectric effect and electro striction are opposite phenomena and both link up a shape change with voltage. As with SMAs the shape change is associated with a change in the crystal structure of the material and piezoelectric materials also exhibit two crystalline forms. One form is ordered and this relates to the polarisation of the molecules. The second state is nonpolarised and this is disordered. If a voltage is utilize to the non-polarised material a shape change occurs as the molecules reorganise to align in the electrical knowledge domain. This is known as electrostriction.Conversely, an electrical sketch is generated if a automatic force is applied to the material to change its shape. This is the piezoelectric effect. The main advantage of these materials is the intimately instantaneous change in the shape of the material or the contemporaries of an electrical study. What materials exhibit this effect? The piezoelectric effect was first spy in quartz and various other crystals such as tourmaline . atomic number 56 titanate and cadmium sulphate have also been shown to demonstrate the effect but by far the most commonly used piezoelectric ceramic today is lead zirconium titanate (PZT).The physical properties of PZT can be controlled by changing the chemistry of the material and how it is processed. There are limitations associated with PZT like all ceramics it is brittle giving rise to mechanical durability issues and there are also problems associated with joining it with other components in a system. Where are piezoelectric materials used? The main use of piezoelectric ceramics is in actuators. An actuator can be described as a component or material which converts button (in this case electrical) in to mechanical form.When a electric field is applied to the piezoelectric material it changes its shape very rapidly and very only in accordance with the magnitude of the field. Applications exploiting the electrostrictive effect of piezoelectric materials include actuators in the semiconductor industry in the systems used for handling silicon wafers, in the microbiology field in microscopic cell handling systems, in quality optics and acoustics, in ink-jet printers where fine movement control is necessary and for shakiness damping.The piezoelectric effect can also be used in sensors which generate an electrical field in response to a mechanical force. This is useful in damping systems and earthquake detection systems in buildings. But the most well known application is in the sensors which deploy car airbags. The material changes in shape with the impact thus generating a field which deploys the airbag. A novel use of these materials, which exploits both the piezoelectric and electrostrictive effects, is in smart skis which have been designed to perform well on both soft and hard snow. Piezoelectric sensors detect chills (i. e. he shape of the ceramic detector is changed resulting in the generation of a field) and the electrostrictive property of the material is then exploited by generating an opposing shape change to cancel out the vibration. The system uses trey piezoelectric elements which detect and cancel out large vibrations in real time since the reaction time of the ceramics is very small . By passing an alternating voltage across these materials a vibration is produced. This process is very efficient and almost all of the electrical energy is converted into motion. accomplishable uses of this property are silent alarms for pagers which fit into a wrist watch.The vibration is silent at low frequencies but at high frequencies an sonic sound is also produced. This leads to the concept of solid state speakers based on piezoelectric materials which could also be miniaturised. Do polymers exhibit these effects? garret polymers work in a similar way to piezoelectric ceramics, however they need to be implike to function. An electrical current is passed through the polymer when it is wet to produce a change in its crystal s tructure and thus its shape. Muscle fibres are essentially polymeric and operate in a similar way, so research in this field has focussed on potential uses in medicine. ature of the piezoelectric effect making them invaluable for the niche applications which they occupy. MAGNETOSTRIICTIIVE MATERIIALS Magnetostrictive materials are similar to piezoelectric and electrostrictive materials except the change in shape is related to a magnetic field rather than an electrical field. What are magnetostrictive materials? Magnetostrictive materials convert magnetic to mechanical energy or vice versa. The magnetostrictive effect was first observed in 1842 by James Joule who spy that a sample of nickel exhibited a change in space when it was magnetised.The other ferromagnetic elements (cobalt and iron) were also found to demonstrate the effect as were alloys of these materials. During the 1960s terbium and dysprosium were also found to be magnetostrictive but only at low temperatures which li mited their use, despite the fact that the coat change was many times greater than that of nickel. The most common magnetostrictive material today is called TERFENOL-D (terbium (TER), iron (FE), Naval Ordanance Laboratory (NOL) and dysprosium (D)). This alloy of terbium, iron and dysprosium shows a large magnetostrictive effect and is used in transducers and actuators.The current observation of the magnetostrictive effect became known as the Joule effect, but other effects have also been observed. The Villari effect is the opposite of the Joule effect, that is applying a stress to the material causes a change in its magnetization. Applying a torsional force to a magnetostrictive material generates a helical magnetic field and this is known as the Matteuci effect. Its inverse is the Wiedemann effect in which the material twists in the nominal head of a helical magnet field.How do magnetostrictive materials work? Magnetic materials obtain domains which can be likened to tiny magne ts within the material. When an external magnetic field is applied the domains rotate to align with this field and this results in a shape change as. Conversely if the material is squashed or stretched by means of an external force the domains are forced to move and this causes a change in the magnetisation. Where are magnetostrictive materials used? Magnetostrictive materials can be used as both actuators (where a magnetic ield is applied to cause a shape change) and sensors (which convert a movement into a magnetic field). In actuators the magnetic field is usually generated by passing an electrical current along a wire. Likewise the electrical current generated by the magnetic field arising from a shape change is usually measured in sensors. former(a) applications of magnetostrictive materials included telephone receivers, hydrophones, oscillators and scanning sonar. The development of alloys with better properties led to the use of these materials in a wide variety of applicatio ns.Ultrasonic magnetostrictive transducers have been used in ultrasonic cleaners and surgical tools. Other applications include hearing aids, razorblade sharpeners, additive motors, damping systems, positioning equipment, and sonar. MAGNETO AND ELECTRO RHEOLOGIICAL MATERIIALS All of the groups of smart materials discussed so far have been based on solids. However, there are also smart silver-tongueds which change their rheological properties in accordance with their environment. What are smart fluids? There are two types of smart fluids which were both discovered in the 1940s.Electro-rheological (ER) materials change their properties with the application of an electrical field and consist of an insulating oil such as mineral oil containing a dispersion of solid particles (early experiments used starch, stone, carbon, silica, gypsum and lime). Magnetorheological materials (MR) are again based on a mineral or silicone oil carrier but this time the solid scatter within the fluid is a magnetically soft material (such as iron) and the properties of the fluid are altered by applying a magnetic field. In both cases the dispersed particles are of the order of microns in size.How do smart fluids work? In both cases the smart fluid changes from a fluid to a solid with the application of the relevant field. The small particles in the fluid align and are attracted to each other resulting in a dramatic change in viscosity as shown in Figure 7. The effect takes milliseconds to occur and is entirely reversible by the removal of the field. Figure 8 clearly shows the effect of a magnet on such an MR fluid. With ER fluids a field potentiality of up to 6kV/mm is needed and for MR fluids a magnetic field of less than 1Tesla is needed. Where are smart fluids used?Uses of these unusual materials in civil engineering, robotics and manufacturing Electrodes Suspension fluid Particle Figure 7 Schematic plot showing the structure of a electrorheological fluid between two electrod es. The top figure shows the structure in a low field strength where the particles are randomly distributed. When a higher field strength is applied, as in the bottom diagram, the particles align causing a change in the viscosity of the fluid. Figure 8 A puddle of magnetorheological fluid stiffens in the presence of a magnetic field. courtesy of Sandy Hill / University of Rochester) are being explored. But the first industries to identify uses were the automotive and aerospace industries where the fluids are used in vibration damping and variable torque transmission. MR dampers are used to control the suspension in cars to allow the feel of the ride to be varied. Dampers are also used in prosthetic limbs to allow the patient to lodge to various movements for example the change from running to walking. Future Scope The hereafter of smart materials and structures is wide open.The use of smart materials in a mathematical product and the type of smart structures that one can design are only limited by ones talents, capabilities, and ability to think outside the box. In an early work5 and as part of short courses there were discussions pertaining to future considerations. A lot of the brainstorming that resulted from these efforts is now being explored. Some ideas that were in the conceptual stage are now moving forward. Look at the advances in information and comforts provided through smart materials and structures in automobiles. Automobiles can be taken to a garage for service and be dependant p to a diagnostic computer that tells the mechanic what is wrong with the car. Or a light on the dashboard signals maintenance required. Would it not be better for the light to inform us as to the exact reputation of the problem and the severity of it? This approach mimics a cartoon that appeared several years ago of an air mechanic near a plane in a hanger. The plane says Ouch and the mechanic says Where do you hurt? One application of smart materials is the work mentioned earlier of piezoelectric inkjet printer that serves as a chemical delivery to print organic light-emitting polymers in a fine detail on various media.Why not take the same application to synthesize smaller molecules? With the right set one could synthesize smaller molecules in significant amounts for characterization and evaluation and in such a way that we could design experiments with relative ease. A new class of smart materials has appeared in the literature. This is the group of smart adhesives. We previously mentioned that PVDF film strips have been placed within an adhesive joint to monitor performance. Khongtong and Ferguson developed a smart adhesive at Lehigh University. 0 They suggested that this new adhesive could form an antifouling coating for boat hulls or for controlling cell adhesion in surgery. The stickiness of the new adhesive can be switched on and off with changes in temperature. The smart adhesive also becomes water repellent when its tackiness wane s. 50 The term smart adhesive is appearing more frequently in the literature. A topic of research that was in the literature a few years ago was smart clothes or wearable computers being examine at MIT. The potential of this concept is enormous. This sounds wonderful as long as we learn how to work smarter, not longer.CONCLUSION From the abilities of the smart material to respond the environmental changes the conclusion arises that smart in the name do not gibe the definition of being smart, that is, responding to the environment in a reversible manner. Due to their properties they must deserve a great future. REFERENCES 1Mechanical Engineers Handbook Materials and Mechanical Design, raft 1, Third Edition. Edited by Myer Kutz. 2www. memorymetals. co. uk 3 www. nitinol. com 4 www. sma-inc. com 5www. cs. ualberta. ca/database/MEMS/sma_mems/sma. hypertext mark-up language 6http//virtualskies. arc. nasa. gov/research/youdecide/Shapememalloys. html

The last supper -movie satire analysis

After having buried 10 conservationists , the students have a garden full of tomatoes proving that conservationists serve great as fertilizers(NOT) and since that in life they served no good enough to the society from the liberals point of view, in death they brook. The students invite the guests with an already planned residuuming for all of them death. They ar in continuous unlikeness with them in order to find something that they , n turn, see as maltreat and reason the death of the guest , this taking some of the guilt glum their shoulders and considering it a good gets for society .At the slightest counter-idea they hurry the dinner party and get to the exciting deviate of it by using phrases such as its time for dessert . Len the painting ,this is seen in the scene where the anti ecologist gradually considers their point of view as well and starts rethinking confused of him agreeing to the libertarian point of view, and used to Just having their guests poisoned, the group of students does non break the Sunday ritual and assures the guest( by saying you are authorize to your have got opinion) , who comes back to his conservationists point of view.This goes to the sure argument insignificance of life. As the movie progresses the students shovel in more and more good deal slowly not taking into consideration their status in society , Just their c mislayd-minded ideas. The director stops introducing the guests by their names as they will ultimately dieinstead, continues by defining(l want to say it in a contrary way) them by their causes and slowly Just shows the piles of soil that were once their guests.The students dissolve a matter of life and death by either stand questioning the guest if you were in a bar with a clapperclaw call outed Doll Hitler , would you kill him to save all those lifes or would you let him get? Or its 4 to 1 . He lives. This again, shows the insignificance of life and how little they trouble for the othe rs and their fate. RACISM (DISCRIMINATION AGAINST BLACKS ) From the very beginning ,Luke is the one who initiates the idea of having the deadly dinner ,even though his colleagues are reluctant.He is overly the one to have suggested not to call the police ,and instead Just hide the murder . While he starts off as the most rational in critical situations, he becomes the most irrational ,cruel and quick-tempered he is also very gloomy passim the movie ( keep them in the kitchen barefoot and pregnant he says to a sex offender they have had as guest) . By the end of the movie he loses control and gets to the point where he is about to kill one of his own mends.THE LAST SUPPER (RELIGIOUS REFERENCE) In the movie, the 5 students are hypothetic to take the place of the apostles and the guests are saviour, who is going to be sacrificed. The characters are also given names of apostles Dude,Pauline,Marc,Luke and Pete) The difference is , the roles are reversed, while the apostles are pi xilatedt to riddle the good word of Jesus to other people, they kill him. This could also mean that the students represent only two apostles Judas(who betrayed Jesus) and Peter (who denies he knows him ) While Jesus is aware of his scarification , the guests arent .The guests are also served very good food as it will be their last meal . Unlike most movies where good always come alongs over grim in the end, The last supper ends by having Norman -(the very conservatism celebrity that is present in short scenes doneout the movie ,watched and critiqued by the students ) killing the 5 students with their own weapon and afterwards describing himself as a humble ,humble servant in his presidential campaign. wherefore is it being satirized? ) I believe that the director is trying to say that both(prenominal) the right and left wing /wingers can become evil/ deadly when taken to the extreme extreme conservationists ( the guests) and extreme liberalizes(the students) 2) Another probl em I think the director meant to point out how easily people lose their lifes over different causes (like those mentioned in the movie homosexuality , anti-ecologist, racism). This makes me wonder , Is it genuinely worth it to die for it or to take a life? And When can you say it was right for you to decide that someones existence isnt important to the society any longer ? . This argument can be evidenced by history itself. Situations where people have died and been killed because their opinions or way of being did not correspond to the volume are many, hence Stalins saying If you are not with us , you are against us. Another example is the time of The inquisition (an example Ewing Galileo Gillies scientifically turn up idea that the earth revolves around the sun did not correspond to the original statement . N order to avoid imprisonment , he was force to deny his statement. ) 3) Throughout history , blacks have always been seen as the bad guys with bad intentions . Len the movie , they have chosen the head of the plan ,a black , meaning to make fun of the concept and the stereotyping . 4) Good doesnt always win in the end , especially in the real world is what the directors verbalized through their last scene . Corrupted people become the leadership of our countries. Is it effective?In my opinion, The last supper is a good movie, with a well-planned maculation that is rather a continuous sarcastic response to certain topics such as discrimination, the unnecessary deaths of people and intolerance. This film made me question my own tolerance of different views it also made me think of how ,as a libertarian myself do I change the world without imposing my own views. Some negatively charged points , from my perspective, are the repetitive scenes in the dining room of the guests and the students and the rushed through scenes that take place in the middle of the movie.

Assignment Devry

While hereditary engineer is only universe applied at crops at the moment, bingle has to wonder how long it go a guidance be before existence ar unethic all(prenominal)y engineered and what will be the implication of such actions. An analysis of science fiction occupys, where genetic engineering is applied could provide a view Into the Implications of genetic engineer of humans on society. The popular science fiction impression Cataract Is a sinless aim to show the possible affects human genetic engineer could nominate on society. In Cattle the technology to engineer people to uprise perfection has been made possible and the fate of e very(prenominal) unitary is kn make at the very moment of birth.The play of genetically enhanced humans is far rater than the number of natural born people, which has lead to a new form of amicable segregation. The film follows the life of one of the few of the natural born humans, named Vincent. be a natural born, Vincent does non pos e many options and point worse he is diagnosed with a severe heart condition. From the start, it would appear that society (even Vincent own farther) would non knock over him worthy of their attention. The only person that actually seemed to manage about Vincent was his mother, who actually seemed to winnow out of the genetic engineer being done. one as to feel bad for Vincent and others like him, because nobody seemed to want anything to do with him. The schools would not accept him, because of his heart condition and his own farther did not consider Vincent worthy to care his name. Vincent parents eventually have another child who Is genetically altered this son would be superior to Vincent in every way possible and the father would consider him worthy of his name. The film presents several serious and very symbolic scenes, where Vincent and his brother Anton contend in swimming.Throughout their childhood, Anton would always get through without ever having to give any ef fort. One day something Impossible happened Vincent the irregular natural born beat his perfectly genetically engineered brother. Years later, Vincent and Anton compete once more and when Vincent wins, he says he is able to do it, because he never saves anything for the swim back. One could view the swimming scenes as a metaphor for life. In life people have to compete against the forces of character and others. Some people seem to be given everything on a silver platter, while others are given nothing.Just because mom people are given everything, It does not mean that those less fortunate cannot succeed. Violent Is a perfect example AT ten previous example even tongs Nils brother is genetically superior, Vincent is able to beat his brother by training and working for his goals every day. Another interesting point of the film is the character Irene. Even with societies great technology there is still the possible action of errors and Irene is the best example of this statement. Ir ene is one of the many perfect beings except for one minor flaw, she has a heart murmur.This heart murmur proves that regardless of all of the advances made in technology cannot guarantee perfection 100% of the time. One has to feel for Irene, because despite being genetically engineered to near perfection she is not accepted by her fellow genetically altered brothers and sisters. The last earthshaking character in the film is Jerome. Jerome is another one of the perfectly genetically engineered people, but he is described as being the best of the best. unluckily for Jerome, being perfectly engineered does not mean he would be in(predicate) at everything or that he would live a perfect life.Jerome had plainly laced second place once, which apparently demoralized him to the extent of approaching suicide. Groomers attempt of suicide was unsuccessful and it resulted in him becoming paralyzed, which would make him the perfect partner for Vincent. Groomers final action in the film is interesting, but not surprising. Jerome had time-tested to kill himself once before and it would only be a proceeds of time before he would try again. The ending of the film was the well-nigh informative and fascinating part of the whole film.When Vincent is his heading for the space move he is given a surprise gene inspection by the doctor. Vincent does not have any of Groomers blood/urine samples and so it would seem that he is caught. Surprisingly, the doctor who conducted all of the testing on Vincent knew he was an In-Valid the wide time. The doctor let Vincent pass, because he had a son that apparently was an In-valid. In conclusion, it is apparent that Andrew Niccole, the director of Cattle, does not approve of genetic engineering. Niccole uses his film to winder the bleak picture of the future of genetic engineering.Now some people whitethorn doubt the relevance a film may eave on rattling world situations, but there are big bucks of writers, scientist, and even s cholars who would disapprove of genetic engineering. Victor Mafia wrote that genetic engineer would create a risk that the information discovered from genetic engineering would create a form of discrimination in the workforce (Mafia, 2001, p. 83). This fact is evident from the film Cattle. Discrimination in the workforce has always been a problem in the past and it would seem like the problem may evolve if genetic engineering becomes possible.Elizabeth Fenton, a philosopher, believes that genetic engineering will lead to the reaction of a new sub-species of humans and that the differences between the two species would lead one species to enslave or destroy the other (Fenton , 2008, p. 8). While in the film the enhanced beings never directly enslaved or destroyed the naturals, the naturals would never be more than lower class individuals. While there are plenty of people who argue against genetic engineering, there are still a few people who say that genetic engineering can have a p lace in the world. Clifton E.

National Implications: Historical View of Black School

This study by Drs. James E. Ginn, J D Gregory Jr., Henry North, and Leola Robinson based partially on the studies done by Raymond J. Lockett and George M. Vincent in lanthanum and Mississippi respectively. As with Locketts and Vincents look intoes, the authors of the study in scrutiny wanted to outline the social, economic, and political profile of the Black aim board members, this time in Texas. As the authors reiterate, they were not gearing for a full replication of the Lockett and Vincent obliges. Instead, their main purpose is to map out each possible trends with regards to choosing Black schooltime members.Using the same questionnaire devised by Lockett for his Louisiana Black school board member study, with undecomposed minor modifications to turn those in Texas, Ginn et. al were able to survey 79% of the Black school board members in Texas, as listed in the Black Elected Officials A National Roster.Basically, the study resulted in an enumeration of the personal charac teristics, motivational factors, and attitudes on social changes of those currently elected African-American school board members. alike in the conclusion was a revelation of which sectors provide the biggest financial and clean-living support for Black electorates plus the strategies of these Black members in implementing social change. aline enough, Dr. Ginn et. als paper was successful in its aim to ca-ca a profile but it failed to state any trends in likeness to the conclusions made by Lockett and Vincent, except with the motivational factors in regarding candidacy.As Dr. Ginn et. als paper reveals, Texan Black school board members hold in the improvement of the school system as the top close solid ground for pursuit office, unlike Louisianan Black school board members who listed that as only the warrant most important reason. For the Blacks in Louisiana, the prestige that comes with the office is the primary reason to be in the school board.Those in Mississippi, on the other hand, remember that the improvement of the African-American race is what matters. With the other aspects uncovered by the interrogation, though, this comp atomic number 18 and contrast with the results of the Louisiana and Mississippi results was missing. But aside from that obvious slight, at that place were other parts of the study that must be called to attention.The authors of National Implications failed to interpret the tables of the survey result and provide a satisfactory description of the results. They love using the word likely, which tends to weaken the foundation of their results. The first 2 paragraphs under the heading Results of the Study- Personal Characteristics mentioned the word likely seven time in fifteen sentences. Mentioning exact figures would entertain been better for it could have curdled the claims of the authors.Another thing that I can critique with the paper is the authors assumption that their readers atomic number 18 already well-awa re of what is written in their sources works. They have failed to describe at least minimally what their sources are talking about. One glaring moral is the part where they mention that Tyres Hillway and Nunnery and Kimbrough listed several advantages of the mail questionnaire yet failed to list what these advantages are. It would have been better if their endnotes at least contained a description of the findings of their references.Yet, condescension these look results blunders, the article was able to provide some useful insights. In my opinion, the article had the potential of organism relevant for those who wants to look into mapping out preferences in school board members black or white. Dr. Ginn et. als research can be the starting point of laying down reasons as to why school board members are elected into their position.Perhaps the most important thing that can be picked up from the said research is the gems about the African-Americans. The research made use of sources a nd variables that were true in 1985 and before. At that time, the roles of Black Americans are still delineated and everyone was still pretty more than adjusting to the integration of the races. But as true as the results may be in the time the study was conducted, I can say that quantify have changed immensely.The article by Dr. Ginn et. al made me appreciate just how progressive America has become. A lot of efforts have been done to underwrite that the country provide equal opportunities to both African-Americans and Caucasians. Whereas before, Blacks are still being pushed to run for political power and promote the welfare of their race, today it is already to common to have the African-Americans represented in political office. There are still the occasional discriminatory remarks and acts, but these are no time-consuming accepted and are now condemned. Also, almost everyone is now well-adjusted to the integration of blacks and whites.Yes, we have come to an era where discri minations is something we do not tolerate. The African-Americans are proving that they are viable leaders and are capable of holding an important position. And despite the limitations of National Implications Historical View of Black School Board Members of the put forward of Texas Until 1985, it was important in making me realize that times have truly changedfor good.

Consider the representation of women in James Bond films

Since 1962, when the eldest film was produced, a total of 22 James attach workforcet films pick up been made. The James persist in site franchise has establish extremely popular and good-kn rescue got each(prenominal) oer the world. Although each film is unique in its own vogue and the composition stock certificate differs from film to film, thither ar certain generic wine features that incur stick occasions the reference recognises and expects to key go forth in all bail bond films. These features include gun fights, elevator railway car chases (usually featuring an Aston Martin), exotic locations, gad grows, baddies and last, solely certainly non least, filles.All of these things furbish up up a conformation of truss cocktail that the reference of these films has come to love and that has made these films as prospered as they argon. Umberto Eco exposit the bewilder narrative as, a series of conk outs on a cheating board, with fictitious charac ters ascending issue their usual functions. This refers to how the puzzle films all have corresponding pieces or ingredients and they each have a part to play to wanton up this shackle cocktail need how chess pieces all have distinct moves they put forward make. hotshot of the to the highest degree grand of those generic features is the follow girls. alignment girls a handle have certain criteria that the audience expects them to fulfill in the films and they have become famous for. The con nonations of the term link up girls ar normally personable, desirable and trip discloseually available, especially to stick with. However, pose is often run acrossn to use the wo slice agent as playthings for his enjoy workforcet that he often sleeps with and hence discards. They be regularly portrayed as needing link ups protection and acting in a genuinely inactive and a menable humanityner towards gravel.However, it is debatable as to whether this is not th e case with all women in stick around films and near people believe that some confederation women ar liberated and they use dumbfound themselves rather than it being the other(a) way round. The definition of liberated is not bound by traditional or informal procedures and for this to apply to the feminine characters in stay put films they would have to reverse fulfilling their traditional determinations in the films. The traditional role of women would be as housewives that stay at home and do domestic tasks succession the men go out to work.In sexual terms women would traditionally get marry and settle mow and l one and only(a)(prenominal) have sexual relations with integrity man. A mammoth traditional role of women is that they argon second to men and men atomic number 18 to a greater extent dominant and have antecedent e in realitywhere women. Two affixation films where women play rattling large parts and atomic number 18 tapecased in a number of differ ent ways are, Goldfinger and The orbit Is not Enough. Goldfinger was branch screened in 1964 and was one of the basic stick to films produced at a time when audiences were tho being introduced to the stick by cocktail and much than specifically, constipate girls.The story follows affixation as he tries to spoil the plans of the villain Goldfinger who aims to contaminate all the gold in Fort Knox so that his own gold increases dramatically in value. This would severely damage the world economy and Bond has to turn plucky Goldfinger from detonating a atomic bomb in order to save the gold. One of the master(prenominal) women in this film is prick Galore she is a wing employed by Goldfinger that is repeatedly precondition the job of escorting and taking business organisation of Bond, before switching sides, with Bonds influence, and armed serviceing to stop Goldfinger.The other deuce women that play important parts in the film are sisters, Jill and Tilly Masterson. Jill initially deeds for Goldfinger, before meeting with Bond and indeed being killed by Goldfinger as punishment. Following this, Tilly attempts to death penalty Goldfinger for r so farge however she becomes involved with Bond in the process before too being killed by Goldfingers henchman, Oddjob. The World Is not Enough was released almost 40 years later in 1999, pixilateding it was aimed at a more(prenominal) novel audience and this is visible throughout the film.The storyline is similar to that of Goldfinger, as a villain (this time a man called Renard) is attempting to blow up a stretch of oil pipe line with a nu sluttish bomb, basaling the only supply of oil post come through one pipeline. This pipeline is owned by Elektra baron who is initially meant to be unobjectionable and under Bonds protection until it is revealed she is working with Renard. Bond whence faces the task of stopping the bomb with the help of a nu trim physicist called Dr. Christmas Jones.Apart from Christmas and Elektra at that place is one other char that has a big role in the film and that is M (head of MI6) which assembly lines with Goldfinger in which M was a man. In the 1960s the roles of women were changing a administer. During the Second World War women had been given the opportunity to go and do mens jobs in itemories as the men were abroad fighting the war. afterward this women began to move closer to equality with men and they started to have their own freedom. They were no longer sound housewives that were inferior to men and this stance continued into the 1960s.In Goldfinger this is visible because the women in puss Galores immobile carnival are pi pass ons, which is sooner a difficult and complicated job. However, in that respect are excessively parts of this film that order of battle that women may not have reached established equality with men provided, as some of the egg-producing(prenominal) characters step to the fore weak twain physic ally and mentally and are leave out of important events. Feminism is all close to recognizing the need for women to have equality with men and feminists work to create that equality.In history on that psyche have been three major waves of feminism and one of those took place plainly later the Second World War, continuing up until the start of the 60s. This flush in women campaigning for equality worked alongside the fact that women had proven themselves in mens jobs during the war and, although some men dis standardisedd it, women did make a very(prenominal) large step towards full equality with men. In the 1990s, attitudes towards women had modifyd even more and were very similar to today.Women had equality with men and could pretty practically do any job that would have before been seen as a job purely for men. This is testifyn in The World Is Not Enough where Dr. Christmas Jones is a nu give the axe physicist which is an extremely hard job and she must be very reason ing(a) to do it. However, some of the Bond girls in the film excuse appear to just be used as sexual objects by Bond and this would insinuate they are not fully liberated patronage arrival equality with men. Two key parts of both the films are the commencement credits.In Goldfinger images from the film are projected onto the bole of a charwoman, who is multi-coloured in gold, utilise multi-layering. The connotations of gold are things like precious and artistically-pleasing and this could be a metaphorical symbol for women, as the girl is motionless and very passive so she does appear to be something to be looked at and appreciated visually. Gold is likewise a high value commodity that depose be bought and sold and this could similarly symbolise women being almost like possessions that men smoke own and that they can be bought and traded.However, the women is also corroding a bikini, which was a fashionable item of clothing in the 60s and could be worn just to emphasis e that the woman is to be looked at because it is a very revealing piece of clothing. But, this could also depict the liberation of women because it shows the more liberal attitude of the 60s that allowed women to be more open and free sexually. The first step credits in The World Is Not Enough differ s turn only from those in Goldfinger as there is now more than one girl and they are coer in oil rather than gold.This shows that the film is more modern, as oil is probably now as, if not more, valuable than gold and this meat that it has the same miscellany of connotations as gold it is very expensive and precious. However, these titles contrast to those in Goldfinger because the women are a lot more active and are dancing, windlessness they are dancing in preferably a agitating way which could mean the audience is being invited to look at them and enjoy them, which is similar to Goldfinger.The girls are also completely defenceless which represents how women have become eve n more sexually liberated since Goldfinger and nudity had become more acceptable with the audience. An important part of the titles in The World Is Not Enough is the meter and more specifically the lyrics. Firstly, the song is sung by a woman and the notable lyric is, We sock when to kiss, we know when to kill. This counsels that women are very apt and devious and can be killers just as easily as they can be l all all oers, which goes once against the traditional psyche that they are very affable and maternal and not violent at all.This could also be presently linked to the character of Elektra King who uses her system throughout the film to create men to get her own way and is also involved with her fathers murder at the start. In Goldfinger, the first female character we meet is a dancer. She is quite attractive and very scantily-clad, which shows she is svelte to be looked at and to concoct the men she is dancing for. This is shown by a high angle camera shot that initially picks her out among the men and they are all tone at her body.When Bond is speaking to his friend he looks everyplace at the dancer and says, I have some unfinished business to suffice to. This is quite derogatory because he isnt referring to her as a person, which also insinuates she doesnt mean very much to him. The word business is especially important here because he is kind of saying she is like a job that he has to complete and nothing more. When he indeed goes to see her she is initially naked in the bath and there is a camera shot of her bare bandaging, this shows that she is undefendable and Bond has the power in the situation because he is fully-clothed and standing over her.Then when she goes to kiss Bond he accidentally pokes her with his gun and she jumps back. That fortuity has a grab of sexual innuendo and when she asks him why he carries it nigh he jokes that he has an inferiority complex. This is sarcasm because he is actually a confident and d ominant man. However, the dancer has actually double-crossed Bond and this is shown when a man walks into attack him when the dancer blocks him with a kiss this is revealed with an extreme close-up of the girls eye, where Bond sees the condemnation of the attacker.He then uses her as a shield against the man, which suggests that she didnt mean anything to him and he puts himself before women, although it could just be because he realizes what she has done to him. This shows that Bond was tricked by the girl and she used her body to get to him, barely then she was also being used by someone else to get to Bond, so she motionless isnt in assert. Bond calculates surprised that she double-crossed him, when he looks at her and says, very shocking. This could suggest that he didnt expect a woman to do that to him and perhaps he underestimated her and didnt expect a woman to be that cunning.The next time we see Bond he is again with a woman and this time it is a character called Din k, who is massaging Bond whilst he relaxes on a sun lounger. This suggests that he uses women for delight and it is also shown that he has inhibit over her when his friend Felix comes over. He introduces her and then says, Dink say goodbye. This is an imperative, so he is not communicate her to do something he is ordering her around. He then says it is man-talk, which shows that women are un stony-broken out of matters of business and they are kind of a liability.The way he talks to her with short words in short sentences also suggests that she is not very bright and gives the impression men are seen to be more in verbalizeigent than women. Finally, he slaps her bottom to dismiss her and that is very disrespectful, but she doesnt reason out and just does what he says, so it appears Bond has power over women and can get them to do what he wants. A slightly similar character to Dink in The World Is Not Enough is load Molly Warmflash. She is seduced by Bond when she is giving him a check up and she gives in square away, saying, youll have to promise to call me this time. This tells us that this has happened before and it appears she cant live Bond so again he has this kind of power over women and they find him very attractive. However, he is just doing it to get a clean amount of health, so although he may get a bit of enjoyment out of it he is still just victimization her to get what he wants. The difference is that she is a doctor so she is on the face of it quite intelligent, but even so she doesnt act professionally and is quite adroit to be used by Bond. She is on top of Bond though which is a position of power, but it is still clear that Bond is in control.A complete contrast to the characters of Dink and indemnify Warmflash is the character of money Penny. She appears in both films as she works for MI6, which is quite an important job, and is incessantly get polished very respectably. She is also very conservative and holds traditional view s and this is shown in Goldfinger when she says, The only gold I know most is that on your third finger. This shows that she simply thinks marriage is important and she is showing that she is attracted to Bond, but she wants something more than just sex, she wants a proper race.This is shown in The World Is Not Enough when Bond offers her a cigar and says, You know what you can do with that. This could well be linked to the Bill Clinton sex scandal that had just taken place at the time, in which electric c vibrissa Bill Clinton had been accused of having sexual relations, involving a cigar, with a woman in the White House. Money Penny then chucks the cigar in the bin to show that she isnt interested in that kind of a relationship with Bond.So Money Penny is an example of a Bond girl that doesnt get seduced by Bond and is more interested in marriage than just a sexual relationship. However, Bond then doesnt seem very attracted to her which might suggest he isnt interested in se ttling down and just wants to oarlock to dormancy with women and then moving on. The next woman that Bond meets in Goldfinger is Jill Masterson. When he first sees her she is helping Goldfinger cheat at cards and she is dressed in a very revealing bikini and is lying in quite an alluring pose.Bond then finds out that she is being pay to be seen with Goldfinger as well when he says, What else does he pay you for? hither he seems to be suggesting that Goldfinger might be paying her for sex which relate back to the conceit that women could be seen as a possession that can be bought. However, she denies doing anything else and is clearly holds no allegiance to Goldfinger because she is then very fickle and changes sides. There are a lot of camera shots on her body during this scene that expose the fact she is only wearing a bikini, so it is again inviting the audience to look at her.She is also very passive and at no point does she try to stop Bond and it is clear he is in complet e control over her which is also shown by the fact she is lying down and he is aspect down at her. Then Bond quite clearly looks down her top at her breasts when she leans upwards and she doesnt seem to care, she is quite happy for him to look at her. However, she is then left out of Bonds conversation with Goldfinger, which shows that women are kept out of important affairs. This happens again when Bond receives a phone call in his hotel get on and he pushes Jills face out of the way.This is quite disrespectful, but Jill just lies back and doesnt seem to care she is happy to do what Bond wants her to. This gives the impression that women are just seen as something to give Bond pleasure and when it comes to matters of business he sees Jill as a bit of an take to taskance. They are then fully-clothed in slam which is testament to the fact that full nudity was not acceptable in films at the time. Bond is then knocked out and he finds Jill lying naked on the bed covered in gold pa int. She has been murdered and yet she is glamourised in her death as she is covered in gold.Bond is extremely business like about her death and shows very tiny perception despite the fact that it was partially his fault. After this he just moves on and appears to forget Jill completely, which supports the idea that Bond looks to girls purely for pleasure and then is happy to discard them afterwards. In the most recent Bond film, The Quantum of Solace, there a girl called actor Fields that dies in a similar fashion. However, she is covered in oil instead of gold, and although oil is valuable it isnt at all glamorous and the black colour actually symbolises fear and death.There is also a shot of Jill Masterson in Goldfinger where there is a cushion set(p) in the way of her bottom and this is because the audience at the time wouldnt of approved of that level of nudity. However, in The Quantum of Solace there is an almost identical shot of Agent Fields, but there is no cushion hidi ng her. This shows that audiences have changed over the years and nowadays nudity is much more acceptable. subsequently in the film Bond runs into Jills sister, Tilly Masterson, and she appears to be very different to her sibling.Tilly is a lot more active as she is driving aggressively and tries to shoot Goldfinger doubly to get revenge for him murdering her sister. She is also dressed very respectively with her hair tied back and she uses very assertive language when speaking to Bond seemingly unaffected by Bonds appealingness like her sister was. some other difference in the midst of her and her sister is that she is a lot more independent and says to Bond, I can take care of myself. This contrasts to the typical Bond girl that would need Bonds help and protection.She does, however, appear to be very much governed by her emotions and says, I want to kill him. When she says this she sounds almost like a little girl that is really upset and angry that they cant have there wa y. This is when it becomes clear that she is being controlled by her emotions, which is a more womanly characteristic because traditionally women are more emotional. She also misses Goldfinger when she tries to shoot him and then later on she is making lots of noise in the forest when Bond is silent. These things show that she isnt as skilled as Bond and it suggests that women arent supposed to be doing the kind of work Bond does and they are in overt.It is when they are in the forest that Bond takes control and Tilly starts to become more like her sister was before she died. She becomes more passive and follows Bonds orders. Her hair is also down now, which seems like a very minor change but it symbolises the fact she has turned into more of a typical Bond girl. Then Bond there is a car chase and Tilly appears to admire Bond and all the gadgets he has in the car and even smiles a bit when before she had been serious the whole time.Bonds hitch also seems to start to take an affect on her now, which suggests that all women become attracted to Bond after a while and supports the idea that Bond girls cant repulse Bond. However, Bond then tells her to, Run when I tell you, which results in her being killed by the henchman Odd Job. Bond at first seems quite concerned and runs over to her, but then he seems to shut out his emotions once again and puts her behind him. This is similar to how he reacted when Jill died, it just seems to annoy him a bit and apart from that he doesnt seem to care.The main female character in Goldfinger is catch Galore and the first thing that is noticeable is her name. The name is very suggestive and another name that is a bit suggestive is Doctor Molly Warmflash from The World Is Not Enough. Those names are another example of the sexual innuendo that is in both of the Bond films and the name of snatch Galore could have come from the fact that in the book written by Ian Fleming that the film is based on, Pussy was a lesbian.When Bond first wakes up to see her he says, Who are you? I must be dreaming. Bond says this because Pussy Galore is very attractive and she is well-dressed, but the clothes she is wearing are quite close and show off her body. She is friendly towards Bond, but immediately tells him she isnt interested in him when she says, cristal off the charm Im immune. This gives the impression she isnt attracted to Bond and this is different from the idea that women cant change curriculum Bond. She is a pilot for Goldfinger, which is quite a challenging job and Bond appears surprised when she tells him. She also has her own flying circus which shows she is a successful women and independent as she has her own business.All the pilots in this flying circus are also female which again goes against the traditional idea that women cant do jobs like piloting aircraft. She has to transport Bond on the plane and he seems to think he is in control because he swings on the chair, acts very relaxed and when s he threatens him with a gun he ex homelikes it would shoot through the fuselage to try to make her look stupid. However, she doesnt appear phased by Bond and stands over him in a position of power and ignores his witty remarks towards her so she is actually the one in control.The camera shots also show this because they are mainly from Bonds perspective looking up at Pussy or from her perspective looking down at Bond this emphasises her position over him. On board the plain there is a servant called Mai Lee who balances Pussy Galore out because she is more of a typical Bond girl. Her job is to serve Bond and she is very considerate and apologetic towards him. She also needs his help to put the plane steps down when they arrive, which suggests women are weaker and they need Bonds help, however Pussy Galore goes against this as she does everything without Bonds help and is very independent.Bond also looks at her bottom when she walks away from him which again shows women as something to look at. Later in the film Goldfinger hints that Pussy Galore should dress up to seduce Bond and distract him and this suggests that women are maybe a weakness of Bonds and he cant help himself. This links back to earlier in the film when Bond first meets Tilly Masterson and says to himself, Discipline 007. This is because he was already told off by M for acquiring involved with women during his missions.Pussy agrees to it, but she also explains that she wont get any pleasure out of it when she says, Business before pleasure. This suggests that she sees it purely as business and again is not attracted to Bond at all. It makes sex seem almost like a kind of business when it would normally be for pleasure. Pussy then dresses more in a more revealing way and puts on a friendlier front to seduce Bond, saying, Im completely defenseless. Here she is actually using Bond which contrasts to the way that Bond usually uses women and shows that women can control Bond as well as he can cont rol them. Pussy Galore and Bond then end up having a kind of play fight in a barn and Pussy defends herself well because she knows Judo.This is unusual because women arent normally expected to fight and perform martial arts, which again shows how skilled she is. However, Bond then gets the upper hand and ends up on top of Pussy and at this point her attitude and character change very rapidly. Bond tries to kiss her and at first she resists and fights back, but then she just gives in and kisses Bond. This is a very big piece of curtilage to support the idea that the women cant resist Bond because Pussy had appeared didnt seem to be attracted to him and had been in control of Bond, but then everything changed.This could also show that it isnt that the women cant resist Bond, but they dont want to resist Bond as she gave in so easily. This also signals Pussys change of sides and she helps to stop Goldfinger. When we next see her she is wearing light colours and this is symbolic of her change to the good side. Bond says he, appealed to her maternal instincts. Which would suggest that women are caring and don want to hurt anyone however this motherly attitude is twisted earlier on in the film.When the pilots go to drop dormancy gas on Fort Knox they call it Operation Rock-A-Bye-Baby which is a babys room rhyme a mother would sing to nurture her child but they are actually killing people. The final part of the film shows Pussy Galore trying to signal a rescue helicopter after her and Bond jumped out of a plane with a parachute, however, Bond pulls her back and says, This is no time to be rescued. After this he covers them with the parachute and it is clear that he wants to make love to her. This shows that she is a completely changed character because she has succumbed to Bonds charm and is now a traditional Bond girl.She is also positioned underneath Bond so he is in a position of power over her. The World Is Not Enough shows women as being a lot more active th an in Goldfinger and this is seen with the cigar girl who is the first woman to appear in the film. She is very business like and is wearing a suit so she looks completely professional. However, she is also quite attractive and you can tell Bond notices this when she says, Do you want to have a look at my figures, and he replies with, Im sure theyre all perfectly rounded. Here he is obviously referring to her body rather than the mathematical figures she is referring to, but Bonds charm doesnt rub off and she looks at him angrily.However, Bond could be saying this because he doesnt because he doesnt think that a woman should be involved with business affairs and that is why he made the joke about body, because when she goes and sits to the side he becomes a lot more serious in conversation with the men in the room. However, the girl then kills the banker Bond is speaking to and runs off, which shows that women are obviously just as capable as men at killing people.Bond then meets he r again in a gravy holder chase around London. During this she is dressed in red, which symbolises risk and could be a metaphor for how dangerous the women is. She has a bigger boat than Bond which gives her a bit of power over him and she also fires a gun at him during the chase showing she isnt timid to kill again. Despite this whole action sequence though she still stay dry and eer looks beautiful, where as Bond is soaked. This could again show that she has power over him, or it could suggest that she is still something to be looked at.During the course of this she seems very in control and dangerous she sacrifices herself at the end when Bond has caught her after saying, You cant protect me not from him. This shows that she is actually very scared and grand despite position up a fearless front during the boat chase. A female character with a very important role in The World Is Not Enough is the head of MI6, M. This differs from Goldfinger in which M was a man and it refl ects that, in reality at the time, the head of MI6 was a woman called Stella Remington.Obviously this role gives M a lot of power and is the first woman we have seen that actually has power and control over Bond and he has to follow her orders. She also fits the role very well and remains calm when the bomb goes off in the building she is in. However, she does show her emotions at a funeral, when she hugs Elektra in a kind of motherly role. Later on in the film Bond accuses her of letting herself be ruled by her emotions when he says, With all receivable respect, I dont think you should be here.This is after M has come to see Elektra and then, when Elektra reveals that she is actually in league with Renard, M realises that she did actually make a bad judgment based on her emotions and she loses control and slaps Elektra. This incident suggests that women may incessantly be governed in some way by their emotions and that they cant always control them because M slaps Elektra out of anger. The idea of emotions clouding a womans judgment suggests that men are more in control of there emotions and dont let them get in the way this is shown by the cold heartedness Bond seems to show at the death of the women in both films.Earlier in the film however, M does show that she is perfectly capable of keeping her emotions locked up when she explains how she advised Elektras father to not pay the interchange for Elektra when she had been kidnapped before. She says, Against every instinct in my heart, every emotion as a mother. This again refers to the maternal instincts of women and how they want to be affectionate and care about people however it also shows that they can ignore those maternal instincts as well and act more like a man putting their emotions aside.The thing that stands out most about M though is that fact that Bond treats her with a great deal of respect, even when he thinks she is in the wrong, and this is shown again with the quote above in which Bond says, with all due respect. M is possibly the only woman that Bond willingly allows to control him and that he has a completely professional relationship with. Finally, M shows that she is very clever and capable to fend for herself, when she uses a clock to send out a signal to Bond after she has been captured by Elektra and Renard.Elektra is possibly the most important woman in The World Is Not Enough because she is a villain and she manages to use and ascertain Bond during the course of the film. She tricks Bond, at first, into believing she is innocent and they end up making love with each other. This shows again that Bonds desire for women is almost a weakness for him because initially he says to Elektra, This is a game I cant afford to play. Here he is referring to getting into a relationship with her, because M had told him not to. However, he then ends up sleeping with Elektra, which suggests he couldnt resist her.This is a role reversal because it is typically women tha t cant resist Bond, but here it is the other way around. During the sleeping accommodation scene, both Bond and Elektra are on top which could symbolise a balance of power betwixt the devil. There is also more nudity than in the scene between Bond and Jill Masterson in Goldfinger which reflects the fact that it is aimed at a more modern audience which now finds nudity more acceptable.During that scene, Elektra also reveals to Bond how she take flight her kidnappers, I seduced the guards. I used my body. This shows that she is willing to use her body to get what she wants and that could very well be what she was doing at exactly that moment with Bond because it gave her power over him. This is because Elektra then turns on him later on after he accuses her of being with Renard, You used me, you used me as bait. Here she is referring to him sleeping with her and it shows how manipulative and clever she is because she is making Bond feel guilty when it is actually her in the wrong. Elektra is also the only woman that actually seems to appeal to Bonds emotions in the films.When he sees a tape of her after she escaped from her kidnappers she is crying and Bond touches the screen and seems genuinely sorry for her and he appears to care for her a lot. Later in the film, Renard teases Bond with the fact that he slept with Elektra before him, I broke her in for you. Bond gets really angry at this because he realises that Elektra was just using him. The language Renard uses here is very derogatory and sexist and suggests that he was in control of Elektra and took advantage of her however she could again have been using Renard to get what she wanted.The way Elektra uses her body to manipulate men and get what she wants is quite ironic because that is what Bond normally does to other women and it proves that it can work the other way around. In the casino Elektra draws a queen of hearts and this could also be a symbol of the way Elektra uses her body to play with men s emotions of love and with their lust to get her way. Finally, Bond is put in an exploit chair and Elektra is slowly tightening the screw that can break his get by when she says, Ive always had a power over men.This is symbolised by the fact that she is on top of Bond in a position of power and she also has the power to kill him. She is also obviously referring to how she has used her cunning to manipulate Bond and he is now completely vulnerable whilst she is in control. However, Bond counters this by saying, You meant nothing to me you were just one last screw. This is again sexual innuendo because he is referring to when he had sex with her and also to the fact that she is about to kill him with one last turn of the screw on the chair. After this Bond escapes and points a gun at Elektra.It appears, at first, that his emotions are affecting him because he doesnt seem to want to kill her, possibly because she is a woman. He does shoot her though and afterwards he doesnt seem t o care very much. This shows that Bond puts his emotions aside and links back to the idea that the Bond girls dont mean anything to him and he just discards them and moves on. The final Bond girl in The World Is Not Enough is Doctor Christmas Jones. When we first see her there is quite a long camera shot that pans up her body and this again invites the audience to look at her and admire her body, like an object.She wears some very tight-fitting clothes that emphasise her body and are quite revealing as well, but she also wears some scientific clothes that show that she is obviously very intelligent because she is an IVA Nuclear Physicist. At first she doesnt appear at all attracted to Bond and says, Are you just hoping for a luster too. Here she is putting him down and it again questions whether Bond girls actually find Bond irresistible. Christmas is also very professional and even when she is in danger she appears calm and looks like she can look after herself.At one point howev er, Bond grabs her to remove her from danger and this could be for either of two reasons. It could be because she is a woman and he cares for her, or it could be because he realises he is going to need her help. Later on it is clear that Doctor Jones is more intelligent than Bond, but he still seems to control her and tell her what to do and she doesnt object. Later in the film, she dresses up and uses her body to lure Zukovsky and distract him. She is very clever, but she still needs to use her beauty, which suggests that Bond girls cant just be intelligent they have to be attractive as well.She is also left out of the business conversation between Bond and Zukovsky despite the fact she is very smart and knows what is going on. This links back to the idea that women cant be involved in business affairs and dont have a part in making decisions. At the end of the film, Bond makes two jokes about Doctor Jones that involve sexual innuendo. First he says, Ive always wanted to have Chris tmas in Turkey, and then he says, I notion Christmas only comes once a year. These witticisms both refer to him sleeping with Doctor Jones and again she has given into Bonds charm by doing so.Her behaviour is similar to that of Pussy Galore in Goldfinger in the way that she initially resisted Bond and didnt seem attracted to him, but then gave in and ended up sleeping with him like a typical Bond girl. In conclusion, I think there are examples in the Bond films of girls that are like the stereotypical Bond girls that are attractive, sleep with Bond and require his protection before he just discards them and moves on. These women, like Jill Masterson and Molly Warmflash, appear to be used by Bond partly for his pleasure and partly to get what he wants.However, there are other characters, Elektra King especially, that use Bond themselves to get what they want. The main way they seem to do that is by using their bodies as it appears Bond is at times incapable of resisting his desire for women. Another important thing to note is that in Goldfinger the only woman that really had any power and an important role was Pussy Galore. Where as, in The World Is Not Enough most all of the female characters have power and a big role to play. It is also the only film where any women have power over Bond, because M is obviously his boss and at times Elektra King has power over him as well.This proves that Bond is not always on control of women. This change in attitude over time is most presumable because attitudes towards women changed and they gained equality with men by the time The World Is Not Enough was made, while they were still moving towards equality at the time Goldfinger was released. These historical factors are the most likely reason for the kind of evolution of Bond girls to the point where they sometimes control and out-smart Bond where as he used to always have power over them.Overall, Bond girls do appear to be liberated to a certain extent because they ar e not always bound by traditional sexual roles, which is shown by the way they are sometimes on top and in control in bedroom scenes. However, there are many instances where Bond has power and control over women and nearly every woman in the films seems to find him irresistible, which suggests that Bond girls are not completely liberated because they still appear in a lot of aspects to be inferior to men.Although, in the more recent films, Bond girls seem to be liberated in nearly all aspects they still dont appear to be quite there yet. I think Bond girls never will be fully-liberated either, simply because if they were they wouldnt be fulfill the well-known criteria of Bond girls and would therefore ruin the Bond cocktail. However, I may be wrong and, referring back to the quote by Umberto Eco, perhaps Bond girls could be the queen in the game of chess and they have the ability to move in any direction making possible for them to change without dilapidation the formula.