Waste Treatment

This PwC Report documents the key proceedings during the seminar It is for internal us get on of iNDEXTb and former(a) giving medication of Gujarat agencies and departments only. July 2012 Detailed Report structured muff material forethought emergent Trends, Ch all in allenges and guidance before Seminar on coordinated superfluity watchfulness Challenges and Way preliminary Table of Contents 1. Summary and Way Forward .. 2. foremost plenary . 4 2. 1 Welcome computer address and Introductory Remarks 5 2. 2 Address .. 2. 3 let on Note Address . 6 2. 4 Inaugural Address by Guest of Honour .. 6 2. 5 Inaugural Address by main(prenominal) Guest 2. 6 cerebrate Remarks 7 3. skilful Plenary I Sustainable abandon counsel .. 8 joust of Speakers . 8 3. Introductory Remarks by academic sitting lead .. 8 3. 2 consume counsel. 8 3. 3 discussion Emerging lavishness Streams E- devastate and Hazardous barren counsel 9 3. 4 Need for obscure Technologies in bumble Dis posal Focus on Waste to efficiency .. 3. 5 Closing Remarks by Session prexy . 10 4. Panel Discussion From Door to motherfucker . 11 List of Speakers 1 5. Technical Plenary II Harnessing Waste for Wealth.. 14 List of Speakers 14 5. 1 Introductory Remarks by Session professorship . 14 5. Presentation by Surat municipal deal .. 14 5. 3 Facilitating Public Private Partnerships in Waste Management . 15 5. 4 Cost Economics How to create a re venue instance 15 5. 5 Towards Zero Waste Exploring the Systems Approach .. 6 6. Closing Remarks. . 17 Seminar on co-ordinated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Forward Seminar on incorporated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way in front 1. Summary and Way Forward The fol disordereding table summarizes the key parameters of the Seminar argument International Speakers Domestic Speakers Total Participants Total Number 2 17 350+The Way Forward crosswise assorted dimensions as suggested by the speakers and participants be menti mavind infra structured raging circumspection imagination should condense on dotty decline a capacious with cycle and reuse. This toilette be do by reproduction aw beness towards multiplication of photocopy. Cities doing better in the field of urban development including t by worry should fail shargon-out their development and experience with little towns and cities. This usher out in any case be promoted by tusk initiative chthonian JnNURM.Source- found separationism sine qua nons to be encouraged with aw beness drives among citizens and other consumers of suck counseling serve. This would as well as require sufficient assemblage weapons and vehicles which tail transport segregated everywherepluss. G everywherenment needs to leaven adoption of fresh technologies and processes for fumble discourse suitable for the varied character of Indian blow. Waste to power answers for Indian carry are realizable despite low er calorific survey and the same need to be encouraged with adoption of rising technologies equal gasification, concord grimy tower, co processing among others.Viability of toss off-to-energy events and other give-and-take disposal / recycling facilities can be boosted by clubbing smaller municipalities which do not abide the financial wherewithal so that a common facility can be created and shared. Liquid blow direction requires better collection efficiency which calls for toilet net piss and other supporting infrastructure particularly in smaller towns and cities. on that point is need for building much bio- medical examination and electronic profusion pr each(prenominal)ing facilities. Both these categories of hazardous consumefulness are rapidly emerging photocopy streams which need dedicated facilities for disposal and treatment.Private sphere of influence corporation in expend counseling needs to be bolstered foster which calls for development of suit able framework, capacitor building of urban Local Bodies and proper share-out of risk betwixt the public and private area. Private community in the celestial sphere besides needs to be facilitated through creation of a market for recyclables, elevation awareness among citizens to increase willingness to pay and transparent pricing for levying user charges along with billing systems on the lines of electrimetropolis and body of water bills for fuck up way avails.Zero wasteland scenario is achievable a range of a function shift in waste heed activities that is unavoidable. PwC pageboy 3 of 18 Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way out front 2. Inaugural Plenary The Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead was held in Surat at Science Centre on 06 July 2012. Gujarat which is directly match slight of the rapid urbanizing grounds in the country is as well as a strong industrial and economic hub.Unprecedented offshoot in its cities and urban sprawl are making adoption of invigorated ideas in urban development sector inevitable. Waste concern is a critical sports stadium and it requires special efforts to plan and manage the spiralling waste generation that is taking place, given the complex issues viz. new emerging waste streams, surroundal challenges of waste manipulation and treatment among others.Towards this end, a 1-day seminar on coordinated waste concern was unionised to brainstorm on emerging ideas, technologies, and systems in waste collection, treatment, disposal and reco precise. The seminar was held at Surat, a model urban center for waste trouble processes in not just Gujarat but the entire country. The Inaugural session began by lighting of the lamp by the honourable dignitaries gracing the resultant. These dignitaries included give ear Shri Ranjitbhai Gilitwala Shri Narottambhai Patel Dr. M Ramachandran, IAS Mr. I P Gautam, IAS Mr. S J Hai der, IAS Mr. M K mouse hare, IAS Mr.Piyush Shah Organization Government of Gujarat Government of Gujarat Ministry of Urban exploitation, Government of India Urban ontogeny and Urban housing department, Government of Gujarat Gujarat Urban culture confederation Surat municipal smoke Confederation of Indian Industry epithet noble pastor of State Cottage industries, Salt Industries, Printing and stati sensationry, training and Transport Honourable curate Panchayat, Rural housing and Rural growing, Food, well-bred Supplies and Consumer Affairs motive escritoire question Secretary Managing Director Commissioner Chairman, CII Gujarat State Council PwCPage 4 of 18 Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead 2. 1 Welcome Address and Introductory Remarks Mr. M K Das, IAS, Commissioner, Surat municipal Corporation (SMC) delivered the opening address by greeting and extending a cordially welcome to all esteemed dignitaries and august audit ion to the 1-day event organized at Surat, as a weather up to the Vibrant Gujarat 2013 Summit. Mr. Das verbalise that the pace of urbanization was posing multiple challenges to urban local bodies including development of physical and social infrastructure which not only meets reliable demand but equivalentwise sustains future growth.One of the biggest challenges is provision of a level-headed and clean environment to the citizens and in this context, scientific management of waste becomes very important. He said that the seminar was a good programme for knowledge sharing and he take tod that it would provide useful insights into the current and future trends in the sector. Introducing the metropolis of Surat, Mr. Das said that Surat is among the fastest growing cities in the country. It is the 2nd spaciousst city of Gujarat and 9th largest city in India with a population of 4. 5 million and an area spread of 320 sq km.Large scale presence of industries especially the tex tile and diamond application has contributed a lot to this growth. Greater potential of employment and options for better sustainment has attracted a large influx of migrants. This enormous growth has simultaneously tried and true the waste management processes in the city with around 1,200-1,400 metric tonnes of unfaltering waste and 700 million litres of liquid waste macrocosm produced in the city per day. It is thitherfore a big challenge for SMC to ensure telling systems and processes for collection and disposal of municipal waste. Government of Gujarat, Mr.Das said, has been progressive with a futuristic observatory and todays seminar is a part of its proactive initiatives to bring out innovative and practical solutions in the field of waste management. This seminar aims at coordination of waste management efforts crossways the country and plans to provide a platform for sharing instruction link up to several(prenominal)(a)(a) initiatives and programs. Mr. Das reas on out by expressing hope that ideas generated in this seminar will act as a catalyst for further development of the waste management sector and provide put expert consummation points for providing a clean, green and healthy environment for the people. . 2 Address Principal Secretary, Urban Development and Urban living accommodations department, Government of Gujarat open his pecker by introducing to the audience the Vibrant Gujarat Summit 2013 and the seminars organized by the Urban Development and Urban Housing department as a run up to the main event in January 2013. He said that the venue for Seminar on Integrated waste management was carefully chosen as Surat because of the excellent work existence done by Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC) and the seminar would therefore offer an opportunity to delegates and other urban local bodies to constitute learning from work done in this city.Underscoring the immenseness of change required in waste management sector, Mr. Gautam said that it was necessary to discard age old ideas and adopt emerging technologies and systems which countries and ahead(p) cities around the world are practising. Mr. Gautam as well briefed the audience nearly the inception of Gujarat Urban Development Company in 2001 for reconstruction of earthquake affected towns and its expansion later as a nodal agency for the urban development department providing coordination and support to all 159 municipalities across non-homogeneous areas of urban development.He ended his note inviting all the experts personate to share their ideas and experiences and make the seminar fruitful. PwC Page 5 of 18 Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead 2. 3 Key Note Address Dr. M Ramachandran, IAS, Former Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India opened his note by congratulating Surat City for featuring 4th in the list of fastest developing cities. He pointed out that various models in the a rea of waste management emanating out of Suart could be practised cross the country.He said that with much than 2 lakh MT of waste produced everyday by somewhat 8,000 towns and cities in the county, it has become imperative to exert waste in an impelling manner so that cities remain clean and wastes can be re-cycled and re-used in the trump out possible manner. He withal in high spiritslighted the change of account in waste produced in India. He said that over the furthermost 10 years, charge plate waste has increased 10-fold whereas paper waste has gone up to just 2 times so we need to choose waste handling technology with these changes in consideration. Dr.Ramachandran stressed upon the need for 0verall waste management polity at the state level so that cities flip clear guidelines for waste management. He also insisted that overall waste management insurance should have guidelines for waste handling, resources allocation and should clearly define regions and responsi bility of various bodies manage contaminant board and local bodies wh0 are involved in waste management. He said that creating awareness among masses for waste reduction is equally important and urged electoral representatives to prioritize this particularor of 3R.He also said that creating awareness cannot be left to local bodies as every citizen should be made aware of slipway to reduce waste and different eco- neighbourly ways of doing things. Dr. M Ramachandran pointed out that we have various service level benchmarks and surfeit Sanitation Policy and it is important to timely implement these policies so that in a comprehensive manner, fundamentals of solid waste management can be addressed. He concluded by saying that we need to fix actions at the city level so that changes can be achieved with long term perspective. 2. 4 Inaugural Address by Guest of HonourHonble Minister of State for Cottage Industries, Salt Industries, Printing and Stationery, Planning and Transport, Mr. Ranjitbhai Gilitwala was the Guest of Honour. In his address, he congratulated Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC) for organizing this important seminar on Integrated Waste Management and also appreciated the laudable work done by SMC. After the plague epidemic that gripped the city in 1994, tremendous work was undertaken to make the city clean and green by SMC. Today, Surat has emerged as one of the best cities to live and work and offers tonus lifestyle, said Mr.Gilitwala. Honble minister also said that waste treatment and recycling should not alone be the focus and called for efforts from people to reduce the generation of waste. Reducing generation can go a long way in addressing sustainability concerns, along with recycling and reuse of the waste generated. Government of Gujarat under the visionary leadership of Honble Chief Minister, Shri Narendra Modi aimed to focus on environmental issues and seminars such as these were an important platform for sharing of ideas and know ledge collaboration. PwC Page 6 of 18Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead 2. 5 Inaugural Address by Chief Guest Honble Minister of Panchayat, Rural Housing, Rural Development, Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Affairs, Government of Gujarat Sheri Narrottambhai Patel was the chief guest. In his inaugural address, he lauded the efforts of Surat Municipal Corporation and people of Surat City in significantly transforming Surat from a plague-ridden city to one of the cleanest city in India. Honble minister said that hard-hitting waste management is integral to overall development of Gujarat.He also said that with 158 municipalities and 8 municipal corporations in the state, there is need for continuous learning from mutual best practices. Honble minister reinforced the commitment of government towards waste management and also said that Government of Gujarat wants to develop all its cities in the line of Surat in the waste management area. 2. 6 conclude Remarks Mr. Piyush Shah, Chairman, CII State Council, Gujarat and Managing Director Hitachi HiRel effect Electronics Pvt Ltd, concluded the session by thanking all speakers and dignitaries for sharing their knowledge and frugal time for attending the event.Mr. Shah lauded the efforts cosmos undertaken by Government of Gujarat to promote information sharing and brainstorming on the important issue of waste management having wide spread ramifications for the development of our cities. PwC Page 7 of 18 Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead 3. Technical Plenary I Sustainable Waste Management List of Speakers pee-pee Dr. M Ramachandran, IAS Prof. Chetan Vaidya Dr. A N Vaidya Dr.Juergen Porst Organization Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India study build of Urban Affairs National Environmental engineering science look imbed (CSIR NEERI) Bavarian Waste Association Incinerators Designation Former Secretary Direc tor Senior Principal Scientist and Head Solid Waste Management Division Senior Advisor, GIZ (IndoGerman Bilateral Agency) 3. 1 Introductory Remarks by Session Chairman Dr. M Ramachandran, Former Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India opened the session by introducing the speakers and setting the context for the discussion.He urged speakers to talk to the highest degree new models, ideas and ways to fail towards better waste management in our cities and deliberate on the challenges cladding waste management sector in India. 3. 2 Waste Management Prof. Chetan Vaidya, Director, National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA) talked about the trends in the waste management sector. Municipal Solid Waste Management rules in India were formed in the year 2000 and there was a need to relook at those since there had been several challenges in implementing them. Public private partnership models have also been facing issues of absence of user charges, labor rationalizatio n etc.Quoting an NIUA report, Prof. Vaidya highlighted that waste management is essentially an operation and maintenance issue and steps were required to overhaul the sector keeping in view this important perspective. Integrated waste management is the need of the hour and Kanpur city in the northerly state of India, Uttar Pradesh presented a good ex gigantic of outsourcing end to end solutions in the waste management sector. Surat in Gujarat too with a combination of operators providing different services presented an alternate example of effective waste management solutions. Dr.Vaidya also rundle about fall (Peer Experience and Reflective Learning) initiative under JnNURM (Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission), the ambitious program of Government of India, being an effective source of promoting knowledge sharing among cities so that learning emerging from urban centres can be shared across the country for wider benefits. There was a need felt to raise awareness abou t PEARL across cities in India which was being done by NIUA through its various efforts and initiatives. PwC Page 8 of 18 Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead . 3 Handling Emerging Waste Streams E-Waste and Hazardous Waste Management Emerging waste streams in India like biomedical and electronic waste need technologically superior solutions to handle them, said Dr. A N Vaidya, Scientist at the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI). Dr. Vaidya started his note by highlighting the changing composition of pollution, both air and water in the country over last few decades. The composition of waste generated had also changed and reflected new types of pollutants and this had made new approach in waste sector inevitable.The new approach had shifted to management of waste from treatment only perspective and cleaner technologies along with modernistic treatment, equipments etc were now available. The major challenge in ma naging hazardous composites of waste streams is the heterogeneous nature of waste generated and dealing with this requires that waste minimization strategies remain at the core of our approach. This included both reduction at source as well as recycling and extracting as much as possible. Dr.Vaidya, apprised the audience of the advanced treatment processes which are available in the market today viz. membrane establish processes, advanced oxidation processes among others. He also talked about ways for selection of an inhibit treatment process establish on composition of waste and elaborated on how various processes worked. restitution methods that could go a long way in preventing damage to environment and living conditions include regular assessment of contamination levels and selection of the right treatment process along with other initiatives.To conclude, Dr. Vaidya underlined that waste management is a dynamic sector with changing composition of wastes and there is a need to rapidly adopt newer and better technologies and treatment processes. 3. 4 Need for Mixed Technologies in Waste Disposal Focus on Waste to Energy Dr. Juergen Porst has been working for over three decades in the waste management sector. He is currently working for GIZ German International Cooperation, Government of Bavaria and several state governments in India along with over 26 countries across the world. Dr. Porst talking about waste o energy trends briefed the audience about the waste management sector in Germany and the strategy that European countries had adopted which had led to them excelling in the sector. European strategy of following a hierarchic approach through prevention, reuse, recycling, recuperation and disposal had led to excellent results. The heating levers in developed economies were higher while the nature of Indian waste resulted in it having a low nourish. However, Dr. Porst stated that this was slowly changing and calorific value of Indian waste was also on the rise.The options available for non-recyclable waste management broadly included mechanical-biological processes and thermal treatment processes. Land filling unless proved to be a more expensive decision over the longer run due to the high cost of operations and later care costs. Dr. Porst also busted several myths surrounding waste incineration techniques like it not being eco-friendly and being expensive than mechanicalbiological treatment (MBT). He underscored that waste recycling and waste to energy did not conflict they in situation complemented each other.Dr Porst, presented several products where energy produced from waste could be used for vendible products and earnings that could accrue. Waste to energy conversion methods were also environmental friendly and facilitate efficient climate protection due to their far less emissions than equivalent landfill sites. Coincineration also provided for carbon credit benefits though the reliability over long term remained low. PwC Page 9 of 18 Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way AheadEnabling waste to energy based projects called for conducive conditions to be created in terms of legal frameworks, market conditions usual and generating favourable public opinion and acceptance among masses. 3. 5 Closing Remarks by Session Chairman The technical plenary on Sustainable waste management was concluded by the session chairman, Dr. M Ramachandran who thanked the speakers for their valuable inputs and ideas. PwC Page 10 of 18 Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead 4.Panel Discussion From Door to Dump A adorn discussion was held on the topic of From Door to Dump Issues and way off in segregation, collection, transportation, treatment and disposal. The panel which consisted of eminent panellists expressed their views and concerns and proposed solutions to move faster towards end to end solutions for the waste management sector effective to combat challenges across the value chain. List of Speakers Name Mr. I P Gautam, IAS Mr. N M Tabhani Prof. Dinesh Mehta Dr. Amiya Kumar Sahu Mr. Arun Gor Mr.Debashish Tripathy Organization Urban Development and Urban Housing Department, Government of Gujarat Gujarat Pollution Control Board Centre for Environmental Planning and technology National Solid Waste Association of India All India Institute of Local Self Government, Mumbai IL & FS Environmental al-Qaida and Services Ltd Designation Principal Secretary elder Environmental Engineer Professor emeritus President guilt President PwC Page 11 of 18 Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead ? Mr.I P Gautam, IAS, Principal Secretary, Urban Development and Urban Housing Department, Government of Gujarat possible action the session, Mr. Gautam welcomed all the esteemed speakers on the dias. On the topic From Door to Dump, he said the topic was very aptly termed as an effective man agement of waste calls for working across all activities of the process. Mr. Gautam said that one of the potential ways of overcoming issues in the waste management sector was to facilitate some form of clubbing of municipalities so that economies of scale could be leveraged where in municipalities benefit from common land could fill sites and treatment plants.Doing this would also serve up smaller municipalities who due to lesser generation of waste currently occur investing in treatment and processing activities unfeasible. He stated that though creation of scientific landfills was easy, it was often the operation and maintenance of these landfills which was a concern. Concluding his remarks, Mr. Gautam lauded the efforts of Surat Municipal Corporation in the city he also bespeak for support from the people in sustaining these initiatives and making them fruitful. Mr. N M Tabhani, Sr. Environmental Engineer Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) On behalf of GPCB, Mr.Tabhani speak about the challenges in waste processing and newer ways of handling waste for all round benefits. Mr. Tabhani talked about Co-processing as an effective way of handling waste from industrial processes while recovering energy and material value from them which in turn could be supplied to energy intensive industries like cement production units. Use of cement kilns also offers large scale benefits over traditional hazardous waste incinerators due to high temperatures, long anteroom time and oxidizing conditions present leading to reduction in emissions.While there are several others methods of processing waste for energy to meet treatment challenges, a distinct advantage that co-processing offers in handling heterogeneous Indian waste is its ability to process plastic and non recyclables from composting plants as well. However, there are certain(prenominal) materials like leather, iron, stones, x-ray films etc which should not be sent for processing and municipalities must( prenominal) ensure proper segregation. Prof. Dinesh Mehta, Professor Emeritus, Centre for Environmental Planning and engineering science Prof.Mehta in his note threw light on the major issues facing waste management sector in India and Gujarat. After giving an overview of the waste characteristics in the state of Gujarat, he underlined that though waste collection efficiency was high in its cities, the extent of segregation and recovery still called for more efforts, especially in towns and smaller urban centres. Scientific disposal of waste call for focus even in larger cities having municipal corporations. Financial sustainability also remains an area which needed attention due to low recovery of costs. Apart from these, Prof.Mehta also highlighted other issues where work was required like focus on collection of liquid waste with non-sewered liquid waste content still remaining substantial in smaller urban centres. Bio medical and e-waste collection was yet another emerging area where there was a need to have more treatment facilities for these. Dr. Amiya Kumar Sahu, President, National Solid Waste Association National Solid Waste Association of India (NSWAI) is the only leading professional non-profit organization in the field of Solid Waste Management including Toxic and Hazardous Waste and also Biomedical Waste in India.Speaking on the challenges and way forward in the area of solid waste management, Dr. Sahu started his presentation by giving an overview of current scenario of waste management in India and also pointed out the changing composition of waste produced in India. He suggested several way forward including segregation of waste streams at the plate level, provision of suitable and different transport vehicles as per demands of the nature of waste generated locally, stimulating market for recyclables. Dr.Sahu said that Government should incentivize private sector participation and promote new concepts like waste to energy through renewable en ergy certificates. He stressed upon the need of bringing in entrance government policy initiatives for the same. ? ? ? PwC Page 12 of 18 Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead ? Mr. Arun Gor, All India Institute of Local Self Government, Mumbai Mr. Gor started his presentation by giving an overview of types of waste and various laws pertaining to waste management. He pointed out that till date we dont have any separate law dealing with e-waste.He then spoke about principal areas of management and handling of municipal solid waste. Mr. Gour highlighted the importance of segregation at source and how this can help in achieving more recycling of waste. He said that real problem is selection of appropriate technology depending upon waste generation and availability of land and further suggested that large ULBs with waste generation above 300 T/day should have centralized plants with priority of generating Organic Fertilizer from Bio-Waste Waste to Energy Options are suitable for those generating 1,000T/ day and above.He concluded by saying that areas like segregation at source, remembering, collection, transport, recycling, processing and final disposal requires coordinated action and policy changes so that issues of Municipal Waste Management can be addressed. ? Mr. Debashish Tripathy, Vice President, IL&FS Environmental al-Qaeda and Services Ltd IL&FS Environmental Infrastructure and Services Ltd (IEISL) is one of the leaders in the waste management sector in India which has adopted an incorporated approach in the sector and offers services from collection, processing to energy conversion.Speaking on the challenges encountered in the waste management sector, Mr. Tripathi underlined issues facing the much needed public private partnership models. He mentioned that budgetary allocations of municipal authorities was often not sufficient and also that a major cost was incurred on collection and transportation while not en ough was being spent on treatment and energy conversion. Development of institutional and financial capability in the municipalities was also required as was the need to carve out viable business models for private sector involvement.The absence of willingness to pay among the citizens was a major hurdle and Mr. Tripathi suggested that it was necessary to start charging citizens for waste management services and billing systems on the lines of electricity and water bills were required. He also recommended profileration of education and benefits of segregation and waste disposal among children so that awareness seeps in the society. Carbon financing advances and post financing were other options that need to be looked at. PwC Page 13 of 18Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead 5. Technical Plenary II Harnessing Waste for Wealth List of Speakers Name Shri M K Das, IAS Ms. Carolean Twigg Mr. Rahul Bedmutha Mr. Prayas Goel Organization Surat M unicipal Corporation World Business Council Sustainable Development for Designation Municipal Commissioner India Coordinator Associate Director Managing Director CRISIL, Risk and Infrastructure Solutions Rochem India Pvt Ltd 5. 1 Introductory Remarks by Session ChairmanShri M K Das, IAS, Commissioner, Surat Municipal Corporation opened the session by welcoming all the speakers and highlighting that in the emerging scenario waste is becoming a sector where ample economic opportunities exist and effective waste management called for tapping these opportunities for creating a win-win maculation for all. 5. 2 Presentation by Surat Municipal Corporation Surat Municipal Corporation, the hosts of the event made a brief presentation introducing to the audience the city and its inspired development over the last few decades.In the presentation made on sewerage management function of the corporation, several systems, functions and initiatives were highlighted which have made the city one of the leading urban centres in waste management sector across India. The current status of the sewerage and waste management in the city and key achievements were also highlighted. Apart from clearly defined functions at head quarter and zonal level, the corporation had focussed on adopting a la mode(p) technologies by leveraging funds received under JnNURM.Carbon credit mechanism is also being tapped and it is estimated that the corporation from its 3 sewerage gas based plants would generate more than 0. 5 lakh of CER (Carbon Emission Reduction). Technology adoption had also penetrated data monitoring and control in the sewerage plants. The corporation is now focussing on development of tertiary treatment plants to ease the pressure on drinking water resources.Solid waste management activities which received a major thrust by the corporation after the plague epidemic in the city in the 1990s had undergone a sea change with several initiatives being taken like concept of null garbag e on roads, privatisation of municipal solid waste (MSW) related activities, infrastructure development for disposal among others. An overhaul and modernisation of the refuse broadcast stations has been carried out resulting into reduction in odour and no shop of MSW. Multiple technologies for waste processing have been adopted which are preceded by segregation of the heterogeneous waste that is collected.Several sustainability initiatives have also been carried out in the city in the form of centralized biomedical waste collection, treatment and disposal, effective management of hotel and kitchen waste along with innovative schemes like Anudan proposal for urban dwellers and adoption of improvised equipments and provisions for its citizens. Private sector participation has been a PwC Page 14 of 18 Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead key strategy and several projects are still available in the pipeline where private sector collaboratio n can be achievementful. . 3 Facilitating Public Private Partnerships in Waste Management Ms. Caroline Twigg, India Coordinator of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) introduced to the audience the organization which has over 200 companies spanning more than 22 sectors across 35 countries as its members and works towards thought leadership for business role in sustainability concerns. Under the Urban Infrastructure initiative, the organization has been working across the complete functional chain from design and planning, building, financing and operations.Briefing the audience on Public Private Partnerships ( palatopharyngoplastys), Ms. Twigg defined PPPs as a transformational form of procurance where government could create new ways of delivering services. She gave a brief commentary of the various PPP models which comprised different levels of participation from the private sector like service contracts, lease, annuity, BOOT (Build, Own, Operate and Transfer) and divesture among others. She also delineated benefits and challenges for both the parties in PPP model Government and private sector.Ms. Twigg also talked about the waste management hierarchy which spanned from reducing usage, reuse, recycle, co processing, incineration to land filling and presented a few case studies including those from waste to fuel and waste water sectors underscoring the success of PPP based projects in these sectors. In Asia Pacific, however, Ms. Twigg noted that though there had been a boom in PPPs in this region, it still called for better reverting from public sector agencies and a stronger political will to make the models work.There is a tremendous scope for private sector participation in waste sector in India where only 8-9% of the total waste is currently being disposed off scientifically. Gulbarga, Hubli, Haldia were a few urban centres which presented successful PPP model projects. Management contracts, lease and BOOT models were emerg ing as the more popular ones. She highlighted that the success factors needed for development of PPPs were a strong will, racy institutional frameworks, well structured projects, a clear understanding of strengths and limitations of each party and an bjective, transparent tariff fixing procedure among several others. Ms. Twigg concluded her presentation by talking about Urban Infrastructure chess opening of WBCSD and the support available for various sources including Government of India portals etc for leveraging and development of PPPs in India. 5. 4 Cost Economics How to create a revenue enhancement model An overview of contract structures in Waste management sector along with revenue accrual models was presented by Mr. Rahul Bedmutha, Associate Director, CRISIL Risk and Infrastructure Advisory.Mr. Bedmutha started of his note by talking about the status of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in India and the rising trends in waste generation being witnessed in the sector. He highlighted that though waste collection was reasonable at 70-80% in large cities it was abysmally low in smaller cities, often below 50%. An estimated Rs. 49,000 crore is required to plug the gaps existing the sector over the succeeding(a) 20 years. Currently, processing and disposal as well as integrated projects were seeing growing investments. PwC Page 15 of 18Seminar on Integrated Waste Management Emerging Trends, Challenges and Way Ahead Funding in MSWM projects has progressed from being funded by external agencies to local city governments and further now from service providers. A viable model for funding that has emerged now is based on capital investment from service provider and recovery through tipping earnings and sale of products from treatment/processing of waste. Mr Bedmutha presented a few case studies on the same and underlined that tipping fees still remains a significant contributor 68% of the revenues.Contract structures of MSWM projects also need to be rev iewed from the viewpoint of integrated waste management to avoid overlap in the scope of processing and disposal and integrated contracts. Also in the scope of work, the contracts must focus on minimization of residue after processing. Mr. Bedmutha concluded his presentation by talking about the various risks that could challenges investments in waste management sector including waste quality risks, technology risk both from the perspective of power generation and pollution control and counterparty risk in the form of paying capability of the ULBs. . 5 Towards Zero Waste Exploring the Systems Approach Mr. Prayas Goel, Managing Director, Rochem India presented on the topic Towards Zero- A Systems Approach- Harnessing waste for wealth Zero waste is a concept that calls for a paradigm shift and views waste as a resource that can be remoulded for usable components and profitable ventures. Speaking on the topic, Mr. Goel talked about the heterogeneity of the MSW and the fact that appro ximately 60% of it is organic and another 15% recyclable.He said that the low calorific value of Indian MSW can be attributed to its high wet content. Due to absence of source segregation a total solution to treat mixed waste was warranted in the Indian context. Mr Goel also presented a comparison of various technologies like composting, landfill, incineration and the new concord blue solution on various indicators like emissions, maintenance cost, recovery of energy etc. Elaborating further on the Zero waste, Mr.Goel said that the concept focussed on maximizing the 3-R concept Reduce, Recycle and Recover as well as ensuring that only true inerts are sent to the landfill. This could be achieved by raising public awareness and involving all concerned agencies including the un-organized sector. An integrated approach towards zero waste that he presented highlighted the need for receipt of waste with minimal storage along with efficiency in pre-conditioning activities followed by conv ersion of pre-conditioned waste to energy.An engagement of Gasification technology apprised the audience about the details of this non-incineration thermal waste to energy solution and its suitability for disposal of mixed solid waste. The process is also environmental friendly since it does not release toxic dioxins and furans due to the plastic present being thermo chemically degraded instead of being burned. former(a) benefits include the low space requirement, negligible rejects and no storage requirements. Summarizing his presentation, Mr. Goel negated the widely held notion that Indian waste due to its low calorific value based on